1. Mahajan V, Sajan SS, Sharma A, Kaur J. Ringers lactate vs normal saline for children with acute diarrhea and severe dehydrationA double blind randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:963-8. 2. Vickers AJ. The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2001;1:6. 3. Vickers AJ, A...

Objective: To compare ringer’s lactate versus normal saline as a fluid replacement therapy among pediatric patients with acute severe diarrhea and dehydration. Study Setting: A quasi experimental study was undertaken at Paediatric medicine department, “Peoples university of medical health sciences for women Nawabshah during April to September 2021”. Material Methods: conducted. Randomly partici...

Study selection and assessment: controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that evaluated adverse events (acute plasma sodium derangements and their attributed morbidity) associated with use of hypotonic (containing ,0.9% sodium chloride) or isotonic (containing 0.9% sodium chloride or Ringers Lactate) IV maintenance solutions in children 1 month to 17 years of age who had been...

The cation specific ionophore A23187 (Io) is a useful tool for studying the role of intracellular Ca++ (Ca++)i in physiologic processes. The present studies explore the role of (Ca++)i on Na transport in the toad bladder. Scraped bladder cells exposed to 1 muM Io for 60 min took up 100% more 45Ca than control cells. Io, 1 muM, added to the serosal side of bladders incubated in standard Ringers ...

INTRODUCTION Superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) is a simple and reproducible model of shock-induced gut ischemia/reperfusion, but some argue that it is not clinically relevant. The purpose of the current study was to compare SMAO to a standard model of controlled hemorrhage (CH) and uncontrolled hemorrhage (UH). METHODS Rats had femoral lines and a jejunal mucosal laser Doppler place...

Concerns about the potential ‘ringer’ phenomenon (where a student’s online work is done by someone else) are raised frequently about courses deployed wholly or partially online. This study of both fully online and hybrid classes leads to the conclusion that if ringers exists at all, the phenomenon is slight and more prevalent for hybrid classes. While the study is too small for broad generaliza...

Background: Spinal anesthesia is popular, simple and well accepted reliable technique for below umbilicus surgery. It frequently used lower segment section because of its rapid onset, a dense neural block, avoidance risk airway, little local anesthetic toxicity minimal transfer drug to the fetus, as failure block. Objectives this study was compare incidence severity hypotension, dose requiremen...

We studied the early and late effects of hypertonic resuscitation (HR) on the injured brain using a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock and focal cryogenic brain injury. After shock, swine were randomly assigned to receive a bolus (4 cc/kg) of either Ringers lactate (RL) or 7.5% hypertonic saline in 6% Dextran 70, followed by either RL or hypertonic sodium lactate to restore mean arterial pressu...