background recent studies suggest that rare codon clusters are functionally important for protein activity. methods here, for the first time we analyzed and reported rare codon clusters in hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome and then identified the location of these rare codon clusters in the structure of hcv protein. this analysis was performed using the sherlocc program that detects statistically ...

Bio-polymerization processes like transcription and translation are central to proper function of a cell. The speed at which the bio-polymer grows is affected both by the number of pauses of elongation machinery, as well the number of bio-polymers due to crowding effects. In order to quantify these effects in fast transcribing ribosome genes, we rigorously show that a classical traffic flow mod...

To cite: Gunaruwan P, Barlow M. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013010463 DESCRIPTION A 72-year-old woman was admitted for management of constipation secondary to opiod medications. Opiods were prescribed for pain relief following fractured humerus after a fall 1 week previously. Further history included multiple unexplained falls without syncope ...

It is generally assumed that mRNAs undergoing translation are protected from decay. Here, we show that mRNAs are, in fact, co-translationally degraded. This is a widespread and conserved process affecting most genes, where 5'-3' transcript degradation follows the last translating ribosome, producing an in vivo ribosomal footprint. By sequencing the ends of 5' phosphorylated mRNA degradation int...

In prokaryotes, translation initiation typically depends on complementary binding between a G-rich Shine-Dalgarno (SD) motif in the 5' untranslated region of mRNAs, and the 3' tail of the 16S ribosomal RNA (the anti-SD sequence). In some cases, internal SD-like motifs in the coding region generate "programmed" ribosomal pauses that are beneficial for protein folding or accurate targeting. On th...