due to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. the present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called preference in some era and comparison in some other era.

It is now generally accepted that academic writing is a social activity by which the authors negotiate with their audience to gain community acceptance for their findings. One of the ways to achieve such an acceptance is by establishing intertextual links to prior research using citation. Despite a vast research on the topic and suggestion of typologies for the form and function of citation in ...

language is the most important medium for communication among human beings to express their intensions and concepts ; and all languages possess one or more specific styles through which the author(s) can influence the addressee's and audience's souls and minds. accordingly , connoisseurs of oration arena have propounded criteria and styles to assess speech value , and they have enumerated the q...

The generalised, automated reconstruction of the reasoning structures underlying persuasive communication is an enormously challenging task. While this work in argument mining is increasingly informed by the rich tradition of argumentation studies outside the computational field, the rhetorical perspective on argumentation is thus far largely ignored. To explore the application of rhetorical in...

A traditional approach to contrastive rhetoric has emphasized cultural difference in rhetorical patterns among various languages. Despite its laudable pedagogical intentions to raise teachers’ and students’ cultural and rhetorical awareness in second language writing, traditional contrastive rhetoric has perpetuated static binaries between English and other languages and viewed students as cult...

The change to digital writing amounts to a reconfiguration which affects the very nature of knowledge. There is a scientific and operational stake in the study of the characteristics inherent to this renewed form of writing, particularly for the design of systems, the analysis of practices and the teaching of digital writing. This paper contributes to such purpose with a theoretical study based...

apostrophe is a figure of speech by which the poet breaks away from the common form of enunciation. it has also a very effective role in awakening and absorbing the audience. in many arabic and persian books on rhetoric, apostrophe is referred to as a “change of view”. there are a few types of apostrophe each of which can be studied in two areas of rhetoric (badi’ & ma’āni) and grammar. conside...

This article introduces the special issue on Rhetorical Approaches to Contemporary Political Studies. It underscores importance of innovations in political speech as a key continuing attraction scholars rhetorical methods. is particularly relevant at moment crisis and disruption established democracies when parameters acceptable discourse have been brought into question by forms ‘post-truth’ po...