We have identified two redundant GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) - RGA-3 and RGA-4 - that regulate Rho GTPase function at the plasma membrane in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Knockdown of both RhoGAPs resulted in extensive membrane ruffling, furrowing and pronounced pseudo-cleavages. In addition, the non-muscle myosin NMY-2 and RHO-1 accumulated on the cortex at sites of ruffling. RGA...

RGA and GAI are homologous genes that encode putative transcriptional regulators that repress gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis. Previously we showed that the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-RGA fusion protein is localized to the nucleus in transgenic Arabidopsis, and expression of this fusion protein rescues the rga null mutation. The GA signal seems to derepress the GA response pathwa...

The recessive rga mutation is able to partially suppress phenotypic defects of the Arabidopsis gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic mutant ga1-3. Defects in stem elongation, flowering time, and leaf abaxial trichome initiation are suppressed by rga. This indicates that RGA is a negative regulator of the GA signal transduction pathway. We have identified 10 additional alleles of rga from a fast-neutron...

RGA (for repressor of ga1-3) and SPINDLY (SPY) are likely repressors of gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis because the recessive rga and spy mutations partially suppressed the phenotype of the GA-deficient mutant ga1-3. We found that neither rga nor spy altered the GA levels in the wild-type or the ga1-3 background. However, expression of the GA biosynthetic gene GA4 was reduced 26% by t...

The growth of Arabidopsis thaliana is quantitatively regulated by the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) via two closely related nuclear GA-signaling components, GAI and RGA. Here we test the hypothesis that GAI and RGA function as "GA-derepressible repressors" of plant growth. One prediction of this hypothesis is that plants lacking GAI and RGA do not require GA for normal stem growth. Analysis of ...

In this paper, Protein Tertiary Structure Prediction using Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) such as SelfAdaptive Differential Evolution (SaDE) and Real-coded Genetic Algorithm (RGA) are discussed. RGA is implemented with various crossover and mutation operators. The algorithms are tested on a peptide Metenkephalin. The energy functions used are ECEPP/2 and ECEPP/3 force fields. SaDE and RGA with d...

RGA and GAI are negative regulators of the gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. These genes may have partially redundant functions because they are highly homologous, and plants containing single null mutations at these loci are phenotypically similar to wild type. Previously, rga loss-of-function mutations were shown to partially suppress defects of the GA-defi...

We have identified a new locus involved in gibberellin (GA) signal transduction by screening for suppressors of the Arabidopsis thaliana GA biosynthetic mutant gal-3. The locus is named RGA for repressor of gal-3. Based on the recessive phenotype of the digenic rga/gal-3 mutant, the wild-type gene product of RGA is probably a negative regulator of GA responses. Our screen for suppressors of gal...

Plant disease resistance gene analog (RGA) markers were designed according to the conserved sequence of known RGAs and used to map resistance genes. We used genome-wide RGA markers for genetic analyses of structure and diversity in a global rice germplasm collection. Of the 472 RGA markers, 138 were polymorphic and these were applied to 178 entries selected from the USDA rice core collection. R...