Fragility curves for retrofitted bridges indicate the influence of various retrofit measures on the probability of achieving specified levels of damage. This paper presents an analytical methodology for developing fragility curves for classes of retrofitted bridge systems. The approach captures the impact of retrofit on the vulnerability of multiple components, which to date has not been adequa...

Retrofitted bridge fragility curves provide a powerful tool for assessing the effect of retrofit measures on the seismic performance of different bridge types under a range of loading levels. Traditional methods for retrofit assessment typically evaluate the effectiveness of retrofit based on the performance of individual components. However, the use of fragility curves for retrofitted bridges ...

The structural risk assessment and evaluation process is broken into the steps of Develop knowledge of as-built conditions, Determine local response characteristics, Create mathematical model, Perform global analysis, Determine acceptability, and Select retrofit procedure/Classify per evaluation procedure and each step discussed. These steps, in general, are major topics of their own and only a...

This paper conducts a detailed review of the seismic hazard, inventory, bridge vulnerability, and bridge retrofit practices in the Central and Southeastern United States CSUS . Based on the analysis of the bridge inventory in the CSUS, it was found that over 12,927 bridges 12.6% are exposed to 7% probability of exceedance PE in 75-year peak ground acceleration PGA of greater than 0.20 g, and ne...

A retrofit study is being conducted to investigate the airtightness, ventilation and energy impacts of tightening the exterior envelope and the heating and air conditioning system ductwork of a double section manufactured house. This report describes the results of the pre-retrofit assessment of building airtightness, ventilation, and energy consumption under both heating and cooling conditions...

This report was prepared to provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art for using composite materials for seismic retrofit applications. The emphasis is on seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete columns. The report is presented in eleven chapters. Chapters 1–3 provide a basic introduction to composite materials, including discussions on the types of matrix and reinforcement material...

Due to the relatively low construction rate of new buildings in Europe, the energetic performance of the building stock can mainly be improved by retrofitting existing buildings. Current methods to derive and assess retrofit measures require either on-site inspection by an expert consultant and code based approaches, or numerical simulations using a building energy model that needs to be first ...

16. Abstract This study evaluated the resilience of highway bridges under the multihazard scenario of earthquake in the presence of flood-induced scour. To mitigate losses incurred from bridge damage during extreme events, bridge retrofit strategies are selected such that the retrofit not only enhances bridge performance, but also improves resilience of the system consisting of these bridges. T...

This paper presents the development of a new systematic technique for the retrofit of water network with regeneration based on water pinch analysis. The procedure consists of two parts: retrofit targeting and design for a water network with regeneration unit(s). In the targeting stage, retrofit targets (utility savings and capital investment) were determined for a range of process parameters (t...

This work considers improving the heat recovery of an existing heat exchanger network (HEN) while minimizing the total annualized cost of the retrofit design. The focus is on stepwise approaches that generate, starting from the base case network, a candidate retrofit HEN at each step in order to sequentially retrofit the HEN topology while permitting user intervention during the resolution proc...