The structure and composition of bacterial communities can compromise antibiotic efficacy. For example, the secretion of β-lactamase by individual bacteria provides passive resistance for all residents within a polymicrobial environment. Here, we uncover that collective resistance can also develop via intracellular antibiotic deactivation. Real-time luminescence measurements and single-cell ana...

to optimize the field evaluation of resistance to cercospora leaf spot, 12 sugar beet cultivars were evaluated under field conditions in gharakhil, ghaemshahr at 15-days intervals. measurements were carried out based on kws 1-9 and agronomia 1-5 scales. disease severities were graded based on total plants per plot and also based on means of 5 randomly selected plants in each plot. analysis of e...

In this paper twelve different empirical resistance coefficients expressed in terms of Manning's roughness are used apiece in seventeen known compositing methods. The data obtained from ten different cross-sections of the Sefidrood River, Iran, are used for the evaluation of the empiricalformulas. The present case-study is selected from a reach with gravel bed topology. Then no remarkable bed f...

Although a lot of work has been performed on electromigration, it is still not at present well understood, and a more detailed understanding of the electromigration process is de\ired. The most accepted method for electromigr ation testing has been conventional life-testing of samples until a particular failure condition is reached. Although this method gives information such a\ median time to ...

in this paper twelve different empirical resistance coefficients expressed in terms of manning's roughness are used apiece in seventeen known compositing methods. the data obtained from ten different cross-sections of the sefidrood river, iran, are used for the evaluation of the empiricalformulas. the present case-study is selected from a reach with gravel bed topology. then no remarkable bed f...

Corrosion resistance of zircon reinforced alumina refractories has been carried out through static crucible test. The corrosion measurements with percentage, the penetration depth of molten steel and the microstructure of the refractories were evaluated after soaking 150 h at the temperature of 1500˚C. Results showed that the corrosion resistance of alumina increased by adding 20 wt% zirc...

In this study electrical discharge process was used to increase surface wear resistance of pure aluminum. Pulse-on-time and pulse current were considered as input parameters of the electrical discharge process. Experimental results reveal that the electrical discharge process is a successful method for improving the surface wear resistance of aluminum, so that this method has greatly increased ...