inhibitory effect of double-base solid propellants is exerted to control and prevent the burning degree of the exposed area which is due to longer burning time. in this research a composite inhibitor based on cotton fibers/epoxy resin was manufactured by filament winding technique. some flame retardant materials such as antimony trioxide and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride were employed as the co...

Molecular dynamic simulations of the thermal degradation of polyethylene were used to identify factors which might be effective in reducing polymer flammability by promoting the formation of a residual char. Computer movies of the calculated trajectories indicate that cross-linked polymers, such as those obtained from exposure of polyethylene to ionizing radiation, will undergo further cross-li...

This paper presents findings of a study on optimization and application of the regenerated bone char media for the defluoridation of drinking water in Tanzania where more than 30% of all water sources have fluoride concentrations above the 1.50 mg/I which is recommended by the World Heath Organization (WHO). In this study, regeneration temperature, regeneration duration, contact time, regenerat...

A laboratory combustor was used to investigate the factors that influence the conversion of fuel nitrogen in coal during coal combustion. Fuel NO was isolated by experimentation utilizing Argon/Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide mixtures as the oxidant, and care was taken to compare cases with air at matched conditions. For both well mixed and slowly mixed flame types, fuel NO contributed over 75% of the to...

An NREL-designed vortex reactor fast pyrolysis process development unit (PDU) has been used to investigate hot gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors. Most of the experimental work employed a conventional baghouse type of filter that used NEXTELTM ceramic cloth filter bags as the filter medium. A series of experimental runs demonstrated that hot gas filtered biocrude oils having less than 1...

Introduction Coal gasification produces residual particles of coal char, coal ash, and sorbent that are suspended in the fuel gas stream exiting the gasifier. In most cases, these particles (referred to, hereafter, simply as char) must be removed from the stream prior to sending the gas to a turbine, fuel cell, or other downstream device. Currently, the most common approach to cleaning the gas ...

4 The Summary Charts 13 4.1 Chart Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.2 Char 2 Residue Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.3 Char 2 In Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.4 Char 2 Kn Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.5 Char 2 I n Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.6 C...

A brief description is given of devolatilization of raw coal and combustion of the residual char. Major achievements in the study of devolatilization and important areas for further experimentation are noted; however, attention is focussed on the rate processes involved in char combustion. Means of calculating reaction rates are shown which account for temperatures of particles, mass transfer a...

Gasification is considered a clean and effective way to convert low quality biomass higher value gas solve various waste utilization problems as well. However, only 80% of converted through thermal processes. The remaining part char, which requires more time for conversion in that case reduces the efficiency gasifier. Seeking optimize process gasification, this work focuses on intensification r...

Biomass oxy-combustion is attracting considerable attention in recent times because it can achieve negative CO2 emission. While different fundamental issues of oxy-coal combustion are being tackled and pilot demonstrations have been conducted at various scales, little is known about the behaviour of biomass under oxy-fuel combustion. This paper investigates and presents the results of the devol...