Epidemiology can be considered as a very old science. For example, John Graunt, a statistician, published Natural and Political Observations. In the Bills of Mortality in 1662, he analyzed the mortality rolls in London before the Great Plague, presented one of the first life tables, and reported time trends for many diseases. He provided statist...

epidemiology can be considered as a very old science. for example, john graunt, a statistician, published natural and political observations. in the bills of mortality in 1662, he analyzed the mortality rolls in london before the great plague, presented one of the first life tables, and reported time trends for many diseases. he provided statistical evidence for many theories on disease, and ch...

Human embryo models formed from stem cells—known as embryoids—allow scientists to study the elusive first stages of human development without having experiment on actual embryos. But clear ethical guidelines for research involving embryoids are still lacking. Previously, a handful researchers put forward new recommendations embryoids, which they hope will be included in next set International S...

Family physicians have expressed a broad range of concerns regarding practice guidelines and other clinical policies. These concerns include (but are certainly not limited to) skepticism about the scientific accuracy of recommendations, uneasiness about infringement on autonomy in clinical care, and apprehension regarding potential adverse consequences if wrongly applied by third parties. I-4 B...

The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection are an influential declaration of best practices in consumer protection law and policy. But as they were last amended in 1999, they are now overdue for an update not least in areas where advances in technology have affected consumers, such as access to knowledge, Internet and telecommunications services, e-commerce, and digital products and ...