dynamic analysis and study of atomic force microscope in liquid environment is the main goal of this research. hydrodynamic and squeeze forces act on cantilever of atomic force microscope which works in liquid environment, so. in this paper the effect of different environmental and physical factors had studied on frequency response diagrams. the importance of frequency response analysis is stud...

In many viruses, DNA is confined at such high density that its bending rigidity and electrostatic self-repulsion present a strong energy barrier in viral assembly. Therefore, a powerful molecular motor is needed to package the DNA into the viral capsid. Here, we investigate the role of electrostatic repulsion on single DNA packaging dynamics in bacteriophage phi 29 via optical tweezers measurem...

Large substituents are commonly seen as entirely repulsive through steric hindrance. Such groups have additional attractive effects arising from weak London dispersion forces between the neutral atoms. Steric interactions are recognized to have a strong influence on isomerization processes, such as in azobenzene-based molecular switches. Textbooks indicate that steric hindrance destabilizes the...

Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. In equilibrium, forces induced by fluctuations of the electromagnetic field between electrically polarizable object...

The basic principles of atomic force microscopy are discussed. Various deflection sensors are described and compared with each other. A simple theoretical basis of the fundamental forces, such as van der Waals, electrostatic, magnetic, capillary, ionic repulsion and frictional forces, is given and the relevant experimental work is summarized.