australian grapevine viroid (agvd), an apscaviroid of the family pospiviroidae, was recently identified in vineyards of southern iran. it had a relatively wide host range and caused stunting, leaf deformation, mottling and vein clearing in experimental hosts upon mechanical inoculation of nucleic acid extracts or agroinfiltration of the viroid infectious cloned dna. predicted secondary structur...

DNA replication is a key process in cell division cycle. It is initiated in coordinated manner in several species. To understand the DNA replication in a species one needs to measure the half replication timing (or replication timing) and the efficiency of replication which vary across genome in higher eukaryotes. In the previous studies, no direct assessment of replication efficiency on a geno...

In a two-level factorial experiment, we consider construction of parallel-flats designs with two identical parallel flats that allow estimation of a set of specified possibly active effects and the pure error variance. A set of sufficient conditions is presented for the designs to be D-optimal for the specified effects, assuming that the other effects are negligible, over the class of competing...

Prion sorption to soil is thought to play an important role in the transmission of scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD) via the environment. Sorption of PrP to soil and soil minerals is influenced by the strain and species of PrP(Sc) and by soil characteristics. However, the ability of soil-bound prions to convert PrP(c) to PrP(Sc) under these wide-ranging conditions remains poorly underst...

The region at and near the simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication origin contains a series of palindromes, a 17-base pair (bp) A + T-rich sequence, three copies of a 21-bp repeat, and two copies of a 72-bp repeat. We have constructed a series of recombinant plasmids containing sequential deletions at the region of SV40 DNA replication origin starting from the end near the repeats. These deletio...

In data grid, using reservation is accepted to provide scheduling and service quality. Users need to have an access to the stored data in geographical environment, which can be solved by using replication, and an action taken to reach certainty. As a result, users are directed toward the nearest version to access information. The most important point is to know in which sites and distributed sy...