abstract one of the best ways of understanding religion is to determine the role and status of reason in religiousknowledgeregarding faith, morality, theology, and law. this issue has been posed in religiousstudies for attraction and persuasion of younger generation. in our survey of imam ali’s speeches and sayings, as the true commentatorof the religion, we encounter propositions in which reas...

Although moral reasoning is able to account for some of the variability in moral behavior, much remains unexplained. Recently, a number of components of personality have been proposed as bridging the gap between moral reasoning and moral behavior. The present study investigates the role that identity integration (the extent to which one’s moral values have become integrated into identity) and r...

Recent research has indicated a negative relation between the propensity for analytic reasoning and religious beliefs and practices. Here, we propose conflict detection as a mechanism underlying this relation, on the basis of the hypothesis that more-analytic people are less religious, in part, because they are more sensitive to conflicts between immaterial religious beliefs and beliefs about t...

the history of islamic jurisprudence has witnessed two heterogeneous yet apparently similar trends – although in two different periods of time and manifestations. one is the akhbāriyya movement in imāmī school, which, with a new approach to practicing sharī‘a and while negating ijtihād (legal reasoning), regards intellect as being unable to achieve legal rulings. the second trend is the salafiy...

In this paper we review the essential concepts of representing brain and mind behaviors as computer programs. First, we review the essence of neural networks, rule-based reasoning systems, and case-based reasoning systems and summarize the progress of these representations to date. Next, and more importantly, we ask a series of interrelated questions from a religious point of view: Is there roo...

It is well established that religiosity correlates inversely with intelligence. A prominent hypothesis states that this correlation reflects behavioral biases toward intuitive problem solving, which causes errors when intuition conflicts with reasoning. We tested predictions of this hypothesis by analyzing data from two large-scale Internet-cohort studies (combined N = 63,235). We report that a...

This study examined British young people's understanding of the rights of asylum-seeking young people. Two hundred sixty participants (11-24 years) were read vignettes involving asylum-seeking young people's religious and nonreligious self-determination and nurturance rights. Religious rights were more likely to be endorsed than nonreligious rights. In general, younger participants were more li...