in the early stages of a construction project, the reliability and accuracy of conceptual cost estimates are major concerns for clients and cost engineers. previous studies applied scoring methods and established common rules or mathematical methods to assess the quality of cost estimates. however, those approaches have some limitations in adapting to real-world projects or require understandin...

in the conventional design and analysis methods affecting parameters (loads, materials'strength, etc) are not set as probable variables. safety factors in the current codes andstandards are usually obtained on the basis of judgment and experience, which may beimproper or uneconomical. in technical literature, a method based on nonlinear static analysisis suggested to set reliability index on st...

background: the motricity index was used to measure strength in upper and lower extremities after stroke. the weighted score based on the ordinal 6 point scale of medical research council was used to measure maximal isometric muscle strength. there is dearth of articles dealing with the reliability of this method. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the test retest reliability of ...

aim and background: the aim of current study was to investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of parenting stress index-short form (psi-sf) among tehran city's mothers with 7-12 year-old children. methods and materials: after translation, back translation and adaptation of instrument, due to normalization this instrument by applied survey design, 468 mothers from those which s...

in this paper the fuzzy structural reliability index was determined through modeling epistemic uncertainty arising from ambiguity in statistical parameters of random variables. the first order reliability method (form) has been used and a robust genetic algorithm in the alpha level optimization method has been proposed for the determination of the fuzzy reliability index. the sensitivity level ...

introduction: inadequate sleep hygiene may result in difficulties in daily functioning; therefore, reliable scales are important to measure sleep hygiene. the purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the persian version of sleep hygiene index (shi) in the male population. methods: in this study, 787 men, who were selected by cluster random sampling, filled out the shi,...

Objectives The Rib Index, (RI), extracted from the double rib couture sign (DRCS) on lateral spinal radiographs to evaluate rib hump deformity in IS patients has been earlier introduced (Grivas at al 2000). Although various papers using the RI have been published, no study of its reproducibility was reported. To estimate the variations of the RI in a number of a pair set of lateral chest radiog...