It is known empirically that multivalent ions generate attractions between like-charged polyelectrolytes, with different valence requirements for different systems. How multivalent must an ion be before it can condense a given polyelectrolyte? Using charge-tunable M13 virus rods and a family of artificial homologous "dumbbell" divalent ions of different sizes, we have constructed a multivalent ...

This investigation deals with transient analysis of cold standby system with n units . Chapman-Kolmogorov equations are developed for repair facility with two repairmen and solved by using matrix technique. Availability and reliability factors have been obtained with probability of the system. A particular case has also been discussed.

The properties of the double layer capacity on rough electrodes are discussed in terms of the recently developed linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory [L. I. Daikhin, A. A. Kornyshev, M. Urbakh, Phys. Rev. E 53, 6192 (1996)]. This theory offers a concept of a “Debye-length K dependent roughness factor”, ie roughness function, which determines the deviation of capacitance from the Gouy-Chapman result ...

Ronald Blom 1 , Bruce Chapman 1 , Roy Dokka 2 , Eric Fielding 1 , Scott Hensley 1 , Erik Ivins 1 , Rowena Lohman 3 1. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CA 91109 2. Louisiana Spatial Reference Center and Center for GeoInformatics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803 3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell Unive...

The binary states, i.e., success or failed state assumptions used in conventional reliability are inappropriate for reliability analysis of complex industrial systems due to lack of sufficient probabilistic information. For large complex systems, the uncertainty of each individual parameter enhances the uncertainty of the system reliability. In this paper, the concept of fuzzy reliability...

Using numerical solutions of the Poisson-equation, one dimensional space charge layer (SCL) concentration profiles in CeO2 are calculated. The SCL conductivity effects of nanocrystalline CeO2 are analyzed as a function of doping content (donor doped, pure and acceptor doped ceria) and SCL potential including not only the standard Gouy-Chapman and Mott-Schottky cases, but also the more complex m...

physiology, especially those papers emphasizing adaptive and integrative mechanisms. It is published 12 times a publishes original papers that deal with diverse area of research in applied

A derivation of hydrodynamics from the Boltzmann kinetic equation is the classical problem of physical kinetics. The Chapman-Enskog (CE) method [1] gives, in principle, a possibility to compute a solution as a formal series in powers of Knudsen number e (where e is a ratio between the mean free path of a particle and the scale of variations of hydrodynamic quantities, density, mean flux, and te...

For nearly a century experimental measurements of the velocities of detonations in gases have been found in general agreement with those of the Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) hypothesis predicting velocities, relative to the burned gases, equal to the speed of sound in the burned gases. This was further supported by the Zeldovich von Neumann Döring (ZND) theories predicting Chapman-Jouguet velocities fo...

We extend the classical Gouy-Chapman model of two planar parallel interacting double layers, which is used as a first approximation to describe the force between colloidal particles, by considering the finite thickness of the colloids. The formation of two additional double layers due to this finite thickness modifies the interaction force compared to the Gouy-Chapman case, in which the colloid...