According to ISO 2394, structures shall be designed, constructed and maintained in such a way that they are suited for their use during the design working life in an economic way. To fulfil this requirement one needs insight into the risk and reliability under expected and non-expected actions. A key role in this respect is played by the structural reliability analysis (SRA). In this paper the ...

Reliability is often understood as the probability that a structure will not fail to perform its intended function. In this paper, the general formulation of consistent evaluation of the safety of structures and the associated methods of analysis are reviewed. After the reliability analysis of a cantilever beam is demonstrated, the methodology of reliability-based optimization and the related p...

Fairness is an important criterion for achieving sustainable urban development. While most existing studies focus on accessing or evaluating the fairness condition of a given transit network, this study explicitly incorporates as objective in planning step. A multi-objective bilevel programming model developed where lower level problem reliability-based assignment and upper to determine optimal...