Study of Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin film deposited on silicon wafer and glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering technique at different power variation. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study revealed the formation of the AlN phase. The optical characteristics of films, such as refractiveindex, extinction coefficient, and average thickness, were calcu...

We develop an approach to use nanostructured plasmonic materials as a nonmagnetic negative-refractiveindex system at optical and near-infrared frequencies. In contrast to conventional negative-refraction materials, our design does not require periodicity and thus is highly tolerant to fabrication defects. Moreover, since the proposed materials are intrinsically nonmagnetic, their performance is...

We study experimentally two-dimensional periodic photonic lattices optically imprinted in photorefractive nonlinear media, and explore the effect of anisotropy on the induced refractive-index patterns. The orientation anisotropy is demonstrated by comparing square and diamond lattices, while the polarization anisotropy is shown to distinguish ordinarily and extraordinarily polarized light. In p...

Two parallel lenslet arrays with focal lengths f1 and f2 that share a common focal plane (that is, which are separated by a distance f1 + f2) can refract transmitted light rays according to Snell’s law, but with the ‘sin’s replaced with ‘tan’s. This is the case for a limited range of input angles and other conditions. Such confocal lenslet arrays can therefore simulate the interface between opt...

We consider a general solution of the electromagnetic wave scattering problem for arbitrarily shaped homogeneous particles, whose surface can be expressed by a function of angular coordinates, using a Laplace series expansion. This can include regularly shaped particles (e.g., ellipsoids and cubes) as well as irregularly shaped particles like Gaussian spheres. For calculations of scattering pro...

In this paper we combined an optical mixer via photonic crystal ringresonator to propose an all optical 1 to 2 decoder. The main idea used in this paper isbased on controlling the optical behavior of the resonant ring via optical powerintensity. We know that resonant wavelength of the photonic crystal ring resonator isvery sensitive upon the refractive index of dielectric rods, on the other had...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the properties of linear andnonlinear optics of the Schiff base Salen. Crystal structure of nanoparticles wasdetermined by a Bruker make diffractometer, Cu-K X-rays of wavelength (=1.5406Å). The XRD patterns were recorded in the 2 range of 10–90o with a step width of 0.02s-1. The UV-Vis Spectra recorded on a computerized double - beam Shimadzu 255...

hazelnut (corylus avellna l.) is one of the important nut crops in world. the harvesting ofhazelnuts is done either by hand or by manual or mechanical raking of fallen nuts in iran.common hazel is widely cultivated for its nuts, including in commercial orchards in europe,turkey, and iran. there are some genotypes of hazelnut in iran that their growing areas arelimited to gillan, aredbil, mazand...

Hazelnut (Corylus avellna L.) is one of the important nut crops in world. The harvesting ofhazelnuts is done either by hand or by manual or mechanical raking of fallen nuts in Iran.Common hazel is widely cultivated for its nuts, including in commercial orchards in Europe,Turkey, and Iran. There are some genotypes of hazelnut in Iran that their growing areas arelimited to Gillan, Aredbil, Mazand...