Reasons for Blending Crude Oils at a Refinery Oil refineries, and especially their on-process units that process the primary crude feed stocks, are not uniform in either design or operation. The refinery process units and the combination of units built and in service at a given refinery location are part of a plan to accommodate a certain slate of crudes based on their properties. These decisio...

The operational stability and continuity are key production characteristics of actual refinery processing units, which plays important role to safe and efficient production. While few literatures have given a sufficient and comprehensive expression of such characteristics. In view of the problem, this paper discussed refinery operations optimization based on operational stability and continuity...

The accuracy of using linear models for crude distillation unit (CDU), fluidize-bed catalytic cracker (FCC) and product blending in refinery planning has been debated for decades. Inaccuracy caused by nonrigorous linear models may reduce the overall profitability or sacrifice product quality. On the other hand, using rigorous process models for refinery planning imposes unnecessary complication...

At the International Nickel Company (INCO) nickel refinery in Clydach, Wales, U.K., which has operated since 1901, 365 respiratory cancers, including 85 nasal cancers and 280 lung cancers, have occurred in workers since the 1920s. From 1901 to 1923, incidences of these cancers were high. In 1923, the refining process was changed, eliminating a nickel arsenide, Ni5As2, called orcelite, from the ...

PURPOSE Petroleum refinery workers are exposed to the carcinogens benzene and 1,3-butadiene. Declining exposures have been reported internationally but information on current exposure in the Swedish refinery industry is limited. The aim was to examine refinery workers' personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene and increase awareness of exposure conditions by collaboration with involved ref...

This paper presents an integrated refinery scheduling model and its applications for a refinery located in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, P.R.China. The model integrates a crude oil unloading and storage area, a refining area, a blending area and a product storage area of the refinery. The scheduling model can be applied for optimizing the operation, configuration and production schedule of the refinery. T...

A model predictive control (MPC) strategy is developed to determine the optimal solution of the short-term refinery production planning problem. The main objective of the proposed algorithm is to maximize the total profit and to minimize the costs regarding the refinery process over a planning horizon. The refinery planning problem is solved in discrete time over a pre-determined prediction hor...

Process simulation has been widely used in refineries for more than 30 years. Steady state and dynamic simulations are established tools for the design of new process units and optimisation (off and online) of existing facilities. While mathematical models of separation systems and other unit operations are available in most commercial process simulators, refinery reactors are very specialised ...

The conceptual framework of a new system, Collaborative Refinery, is motivated by a scenario involving the creation of an FAQ. The scenario introduces the concepts of collecting, culling, organizing and distilling. Distilling is a specialized form of collaborative authoring with support for content selection and genre. The Web-based user interface supporting access to the four conceptual functi...

Conclusions The highest incidence of allergy was recorded among refinery patients. The present study revealed that the percentages of 80 and 42 pathogenic strains were isolated from 74 and 39 allergic patients with respiratory infections from refinery and nonrefinery hospitalized patients respectively. The high incidence of asthma and respiratory infections in the oil refinery plant could be du...