introduction: otalgia is one of the complaints which may occur at any age. the etiology of the pain may be in the ear, structures around the ear or other head and neck structures. this is caused by the complex nervous connections in the head and neck areas, the ear, the pharynx and the nose. since understanding the etiologies of referred otalgia can help in the assessment and treatment of the d...

Introduction: Otalgia is one of the complaints which may occur at any age. The etiology of the pain may be in the ear, structures around the ear or other head and neck structures. This is caused by the complex nervous connections in the head and neck areas, the ear, the pharynx and the nose. Since understanding the etiologies of referred otalgia can help in the assessment and treatment of the ...

One of the first symptoms of a heart attack can be pain in the teeth and/or jaws. In the case of a heart attack, the presence of pain in the teeth or jaws doesn't mean that there is any dental condition that needs to be treated, in the absence of any pre-existing dental condition. The experience of dentally related pain during a heart attack is a classical example of referred pain which is pain...

Introduction Key characteristics of musculoskeletal pain are (i) diffuse aching pain, (ii) referred pain to distant somatic structures, (iii) deep-tissue hyperalgesia (general and localized), (iv) transition from acute to chronic pain, and (v) disturbed muscle function with reduced contraction force. Methods for quantitative assessment of musculoskeletal pain characteristics provide clinically ...

orofacial pain can arise from different regions and etiologies. some of the most debilitating pain conditions arise from the structures innervated by the trigeminal system (head, face, masticatory musculature, temporomandibular joint and associated structures). the problem with referred pain is the misdiagnosis and unnecessary therapy directed to the pain location instead of its origin. when cr...