in this study reference as one of the five cohesive devices in the achievement of textuality in english and persian narrative/descripitive written texts is focused on and analysed . to do so , the theoretical framework elaborated by halliday and hasan (1976) and its version adapted by the writer to match the sub-types of reference in farsi are applied to the analysis of reference in english and...

this research has been taken among the students of high school in karaj city during the years 1391 and 1392. this is a survey research and data gathering is through questionnaires. studying the “an analysis of students’ tendency toward non-native reference groups in karaj”. the questionnaire was distributed among 260 of these students who were chosen through multi step cluster sampling. conside...

abstract: the present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in iranian high-school elt textbooks and touch stone series to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these books. the purpose is to find out which of the series of the books under investigation impose a greater referential burden on efl learners as far as their reading comprehension of the ...

a phase-locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is an important circuit that is used in many applications, especially in communication systems such as ethernet receivers, disk drive read/write channels, digital mobile receivers, high-speed memory interfaces, system clock recovery and wireless communication system. other than requiring good signal purity such as low phase noise and low spu...

esl/efl books play a crucial role in shaping language learners worldview of gender roles in society. the present study investigated the status of sexism in two sets of efl textbooks, one developed by non-native iranian authors (ili series) and the other by native authors (top notch series). first, two books from each series was selected randomly. then, a quantitative analysis was carried out wi...

the present study was an attempt to conduct a contrastive analysis between general english (ge) and english for specific purposes (esp) texts in terms of cohesion and cohesive devices. to this end, thirty texts from different esp and ge textbooks were randomly selected. then they were analyzed manually to find the frequency of cohesive devices. cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ...

یکی از زمینه¬های تحقیقاتی با اهمیت در حوزه پردازش تصاویر، ارزیابی کیفیت تصویر می¬باشد. امکان کاهش کیفیت تصاویر هنگام انتقال، پردازش و فشرده¬سازی وجود دارد. تاکنون نظر انسان به عنوان قابل اعتماد¬ترین روش برای ارزیابی کیفیت تصویرمی باشد اما این روش علاوه بر محدودیت¬هایی که دارد بسیار وقت¬گیر و هزینه بر می¬باشد. هدف الگوریتم¬های ارزیابی کیفیت تصویر، طراحی مدل محاسباتی است که مانند انسان، قادر به پ...

اندازه¬گیری کیفیت تصاویر برای طراحی سیستم¬های پردازش تصویر که به طور بالقوه قادر به مقیاس¬بندی کیفیت بصری می¬باشند، بسیار با اهمیت است. برخی از اندازه¬گیری¬ها به توسعه¬دهندگان اجازه¬ی بهینه¬سازی طراحی¬هایشان برای ارائه¬ی بهترین کیفیتبا کمترین هزینه را می¬دهد. این پایان¬نامه در ارتباط با الگوریتم¬های خودکاری است که کیفیت تصاویر دیجیتال را بدون در دسترس داشتن هیچ¬¬گونه اطلاعاتی در مورد تصویر اصلی...

due to the limiting workspace of parallel manipulator and regarding to finding the trajectory planning of singularity free at workspace is difficult, so finding a best solution that can develop a technique to determine the singularity-free zones in the workspace of parallel manipulators is highly important. in this thesis a simple and new technique are presented to determine the maximal singula...