The Cha’palaa language of northwestern Ecuador is characterized by the relatively high functional load it places on reduplication; it applies a variety of distinct types of reduplication across different word classes and construction types. This paper describes four major types of reduplication in Cha’palaa: full and partial repetition of ideophones (not a fully grammaticalized reduplication ty...

Reduplication has played a central role in the development of phonological theories for 30years. The introduction of Classical Optimality Theory (OT) in the 1990s sparked intensive research into the typology and analysis of reduplicative patterns, as reduplication was a key testing area both for OT and for theories critical of OT. Now, after some 20years of research within the OT model, it is a...

Most evidence concerning cross-linguistic variation in noun bias, the preponderance of nouns in early expressive lexicons (Gentner, 1982), has come from comparisons of monolingual children acquiring different languages. Such designs are susceptible to a number of potential confounders, including group differences in developmental level and sociodemographic characteristics. The aim of this study...

Reduplication, the remaining problem in computational morphology is a morphological process that involves copying the base form wholly or partially. Reduplication can also be classified as either bounded or unbounded reduplication. Some solutions have been proposed for bounded reduplication. Some of the proposed solutions use ordered replace rules while others use simultaneous two-level rules. ...

There is a common phenomenon in Chinese, from Old Chinese through modern dialects, where a monosyllabic word phonologically and semantically corresponds to a disyllabic word. This phenomenon is actually related to a type of reduplication that I called fission reduplication. I have done research on reduplication of this type in Old Chinese, and this paper will only focus on its modern form. Two ...

We explore the generative capacity of morphological theories reduplication. computationally classify reduplication using a hierarchy string-to-string function classes. Reduplication as process requires only regular class functions. show that various necessarily treat it more expressive polyregular function, while others maintain regularity. discuss significance this formal result for reduplicat...

Fox (Mesquakie), which is a member of the Algonquian family, is spoken by around 800 speakers in Iowa, on the Kansus-Nebraska border, and in central Oklahoma (Lyovin 1997: 314). This language has two distinct patterns of reduplication illustrated in (1): monosyllabic reduplication, which expresses continuative or habitual aspect, and bisyllabic reduplication, which indicates iterative aspect, e...

The Reduplications are made by repeating part of the base. The repeated part does not make sense and will never be used alone and is just popular in spoken language. In recent times, they have been used in some texts of poetry and prose, in particular, in stories written in vernacular. This research, with a historical approach, and with an analytical-explanatory method, examines the information...

A longitudinal study of one child aged 2;5 documents an invented language game consisting of suffixal reduplication and onset replacement. Initially, reduplication is partial: the reduplicant enlarges in discrete increments over the five stages of the game until by the last stage reduplication is total. Reduplication is accompanied by a process of onset replacement, in which the reduplicant alw...