We demonstrate that thiouredopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (TUPS), a photoactivatable reagent, can rapidly inject electrons into complex redox enzymes, enabling studies of the kinetics of internal electron that are not accessible using conventional rapid mixing, stopped-flow methods.

1. Advantages of Chemical Redox Agents 878 2. Disadvantages of Chemical Redox Agents 879 C. Potentials in Nonaqueous Solvents 879 D. Reversible vs Irreversible ET Reagents 879 E. Categorization of Reagent Strength 881 II. Oxidants 881 A. Inorganic 881 1. Metal and Metal Complex Oxidants 881 2. Main Group Oxidants 887 B. Organic 891 1. Radical Cations 891 2. Carbocations 893 3. Cyanocarbons and ...

A new method for rapidly determining total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a biological sample has been devised and evaluated. A surfactant present in the reagent causes the lysis of cells in the sample. Glutathione, ascorbic acid, protein thiols and other main antioxidant substances in the sample react with a specific redox chromogen (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) and produce a change in the col...

A longstanding challenge in production chemistry is the development of catalytic methods for the transformation of carbon dioxide into useful chemicals. Silane and borane promoted reductions can be fined-tuned to provide a number of C1-building blocks under mild conditions, but these approaches are limited because of the production of stoichiometric waste compounds. Here we report on the conver...

The release mechanism regulating SR Ca2+ homeostasis is significantly more sensitive than the uptake mechanisms. The exquisite sensitivity exhibited by ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ channel complexes (i.e., ryanodine receptors, RyRs) to functional perturbation by chemically diverse sulfhydryl-modifying compounds can include phases of activation and inhibition that are dependent on the concentration ...

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), commonly taken as a dietary supplement and excreted in the urine, can interfere with peroxidase redox indicator systems such as those used in reagent-strip tests for urinary glucose and hemoglobin. We investigated whether the concentrations of ascorbic acid in urine after modest supplementary doses of vitamin C are high enough to interfere with such dipstick tests. Af...

A new thiol-specific reagent introduces a small bis(methylamino)terephthalic acid fluorophore into proteins. The noninvasive probe with distinct spectroscopic properties offers many advantages for protein labeling, purification, and mechanistic work promising to serve as a powerful tool in studies of protein folding and heme redox reactions.

A redox-economical strategy for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated enamides using copper catalysis is reported. The reaction employs the inexpensive Langlois reagent (CF3SO2Na) and takes place without the need of an external oxidant. The trifluoromethylated enamide products can easily be converted into the corresponding ketone, saturated amide or oxazole.