The production of the red-pigmented tripyrrole antibiotic undecylprodigiosin (Red) by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) depends on two pathway-specific regulatory genes, redD and redZ. RedD is homologous to several other proteins that regulate antibiotic production in streptomycetes; RedZ is a member of the response regulator family. redZ transcripts were detected during exponential growth and incr...

CLIMATE POLICY 10 (2010) 216–231 doi:10.3763/cpol.2008.0604 © 2010 Earthscan ISSN: 1469-3062 (print), 1752-7457 (online) www.climatepolicy.com Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in developing countries has been at the centre of negotiations on a renewed international climate regime. Developing countries have made it clear that their ability to engage in REDD act...

........................................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ iii Introduction .............................................................

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) aims to avoid forest conversion to alternative land-uses through financial incentives. Oil-palm has high opportunity costs, which according to current literature questions the financial competitiveness of REDD+ in tropical lowlands. To understand this more, we undertook regional fine-scale and coarse-scale analyses (through ca...

In the current political economy which seeks to commodify nature and market its services, market-based mitigation measures, like the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program, have become prominent strategies to address climate change. The REDD+ program places an economic value on the carbon stored in forests and offers incentives for developing countries to r...

Attention has recently been paid to how REDD+ mitigation policies are integrated into other sectoral policies, particularly those dealing with climate adaptation at the national level. But there is less understanding of how subnational policy and local projects are able to incorporate attention to adaptation; therefore, we use a case study in Vietnam to discuss how REDD+ projects and policies a...

—Monitoring of salmonid populations often involves annual redd counts, but the validity of this method has seldom been evaluated. We conducted redd counts of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in two streams in northern Idaho to address four issues: (1) relationships between adult escapements and redd counts; (2) interobserver variability in redd counts; (3) sources of interobserver variability;...

Participation of local communities in the Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of forest changes has been promoted as a strategy that lowers the cost of MRV and increases their engagement with REDD+. This systematic review of literature assessed the claims of participatory MRV (PMRV) in achieving REDD+ outcomes. We identified 29 PMRV publications that consisted of 20 peer-reviewed and ...

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) offers developing countries an opportunity to engage in global climate change mitigation through the sale of carbon credits for reforestation, avoided deforestation and forest conservation projects. Funding for REDD+ projects has increased in recent years and REDD+ projects have proliferated, but relatively few studies have, a...

This paper provides the first critical analysis of the financing and current capacity for REDD+ readiness in the Congo Basin, with a particular focus on the REDD+ component of national forest monitoring and measurement, reporting and verification (M&MRV). We focus on three areas of analysis: (i) general financing for REDD+ readiness especially M&MRV; (ii) capacity and information for REDD+ impl...