background: pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and polymorphisms of their genes have been described to be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (rm). objective: to investigate the association between rm and five polymorphisms of cytokine genes, interleukin 10 (il-10), (-592 a/c, -819 c/t, -1082 a/g), il-6 (-174 c/g) and il-17 (-197 g/a) in iranian women. method: po...

abstract background a vast variety of factors may cause recurrent pregnancy loss. blood group incompatibility of parents could cause abortion. the examination of couples or twins, blood groups showed that the blood group incompatibility can affect adversely the outcome of pregnancy. couples with blood group incompatibility are more involved in spontaneous miscarriage. antigenes in two different...

background: human leukocyte antigen-g (hla-g) is a non-classical class i molecule highly expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. due to a single base pair deletion, its function can be compensated by other isoforms. investigating the frequency of null allele in recurrent miscarriage (rm) subjects could be useful in understanding the relationship between frequency of this allele and rm ...

in order to determine outcome of pregnancy with lui in patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage whose husbands have low hypo-osmotic swelling test scores, a prospective clinical intervention was performed at a university referral clinic of recurrent abortion. out of 56 patients whose husbands had abnormal hypo-osmotic swelling tests, 43 patients underwent lui, from which only 14 patients...

background: antinuclear antibodies (anas) in women with recurrent miscarriage have been reported. the presence of moderate to high titers of these antibodies represents an autoimmune condition that can endanger the health of the fetus in pregnant women. objective: in this study, we evaluated the prevalence of anas in iranian women with a history of two or more unexplained abortion. materials an...

BACKGROUND We previously found that a normal karyotype in a previous miscarriage is a predictor of subsequent miscarriage. However, the prevalence of recurrent miscarriage caused by an abnormal embryonic karyotype has not yet been reported, since embryonic karyotype is not typically analyzed during conventional examinations. METHODS A total of 482 patients who underwent both embryonic karyoty...

BACKGROUND Approximately half of recurrent miscarriages have unexplained etiology. Recent evidences suggest that cytokines are important determinants in pregnancy maintenance and as such, cytokine gene polymorphisms, which can affect cytokine production and/or functionality, could play a role in the disorder. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of selected cytokine gene polymorphisms ...

Recurrent miscarriage affects 1% of all couples attempting pregnancy. Immunological factors are postulated to play a role in the aetiology of recurrent miscarriage because the fetus and placenta are immunologically different from the mother. In particular, altered expression of the, non-classical, class I histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules has been postulated to play a role in...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate anti-Mullerian hormone, basal follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and female age in women with recurrent miscarriage and to compare women with explained and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital, tertiary care center. PATIENTS Women with recurrent miscarriage (78 explained, 66 idiopa...