background: acanthamoeba spp. is the causative agent of blindness keratitis and fatal encephalaitis. presence of acanthamoeba spp. in a wide variety of niches such as different water types can lead to exposure of high risk people such as contact lens wearers. the main aim of the present study was to explore the occurrence of acanthamoeba genotypes in the recreational water sources using both mo...

This work was conducted to determine whether estimated risks following exposure to recreational waters impacted by gull, chicken, pig, or cattle faecal contamination are substantially different than those associated with waters impacted by human sources such as treated wastewater. Previously published Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) methods were employed and extended to meet these...

background : acanthamoeba- bacteria interactions enable pathogenic bacteria to tolerate harsh conditions and lead to transmission to the susceptible host. the present study was aimed to address the presence of bacterial endosymbionts of acanthamoeba isolated from recreational water sources of tehran, iran. to the best of our knowledge this is the first study regarding occurrence of bacteria in ...

background: the aim of this study was to detect and characterize cryptosporidium spp. in water sam­ples collected from recreational ponds of chaharmahal va bakhtiyari province of iran . meth­ods: thirty water samples were collected  from november 2009 to may 2010. each sample con­tained 10 liters of water. we used the ssu rrna-based pcr-rflp technique. results: out of thirty samples examined, 6...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe critical research needs for the development of new criteria, as well as recommend a path forward for n...

The occurrence of Campylobacter spp was examined in a variety of waters in Northern Ireland. Conventional cultural techniques were employed with 768 water specimens, including drinking waters (tap, spring, bore hole and bottled) and recreational waters (swimming pool, lough, river and sea). Positive waters included 1/11 (9.1%) drinking water from untreated well water, as well as 5/12 (41.7%) un...

BACKGROUND In order to facilitate the setting of guidelines, this review article evaluates the health risks caused by poor microbiological quality of recreational natural water. METHODS Studies on uncontrolled waters, such as sea, lakes and rivers were considered in this review through MEDLINE and WHO resources. Out of the 37 studies identified, 22 were reviewed because they addressed associa...