Abstract Gserskad and Rdoskad are two recently uncovered Tibetic dialect chains spoken on the northern border of Rngaba (Aba) Dkarmdzes (Ganzi) Prefectures in northwestern Sichuan. Despite their many points difference only partial intelligibility, show a special affinity to each other, as suggested Sun (2006) . The further idiosyncratic common lexical, phonological, particularly morphological e...

HEVC achieves a better coding efficiency relative to prior standards, but also involves dramatically increased complexity. The complexity increase for intra prediction is especially intensive due to a highly flexible quad-tree coding structure and a large number of prediction modes. The encoder employs rate-distortion optimization (RDO) to select the optimal coding mode. And RDO takes a great p...

BACKGROUND The conventional method for decalcification of bone specimens uses hydrochloric acid (HCl) and is notorious for damaging cellular RNA, DNA, and proteins, thus complicating molecular and immunohistochemical analyses. A method that can effectively decalcify while preserving genetic material is necessary. METHODS Pairs of bilateral bone marrow biopsies sampled from 53 patients were de...

The latter-day H.265/HEVC video compression standard is able to provide two-times higher compression efficiency compared to the current industrial standard, H.264/AVC. However, coding complexity also increased. The main bottleneck of the compression process is the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) stage, as it involves numerous sequential syntax-based binary arithmetic coding (SBAC) loops. In ...

Decalcification is routinely performed for histological studies of bone-containing tissue. Although DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have been successfully employed on archival material, little has been reported on the use of these techniques on archival decalcified bony material. In this study we compared the effects of two commonly used decalcifiers,...

In video coding standards, such as MPEG-4 and H.263, one important question is how to determine motion vectors for motion compensation in the INTER mode. Usually the sum of absolute differences (SAD) or the sum of squared differences (SSD) is employed as a matching criterion. Although these criteria are related to the distortion, they do not consider the bit rate appropriately. If we want to co...

Intra-prediction is a widely used technique in intra coding. H.264/AVC adopts rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique to obtain the best intra prediction, while maximizing visual quality and minimizing the required bit rate. However, the RDO reduces the encoding speed via the exhaustive evaluation of all candidate modes. In this paper, we decrease the encoding time by reducing the number o...

The recently introduced compressed sensing (CS) framework enables low complexity video acquisition via subNyquist rate sampling. In practice, the resulting CS samples are quantized and indexed by finitely many bits (bit-depth) for transmission. In applications where the bit-budget for video transmission is constrained, ratedistortion optimization (RDO) is essential for quality video reconstruct...

Lagrangian Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) is widely employed in modern video encoders such as H.264/AVC and H.264/AVC for mode decision. During the RDO process the distortion and bit rate of each mode has to be estimated and more an accurate estimation leads to better optimized decisions. This paper explores accurate, non-integer bit estimation and its impact on better RDO. Simulations show...