conclusions the research revealed that nonsmokers showed better mental health and dyadic adjustment than smokers, thus suggesting that smoking endangers and can impair the tranquility of families and that smoking also threatens the dyadic adjustment of couples. background the mental health and dyadic adjustment of smokers is a matter of serious concern which brings many demerits on mental healt...

the purpose of the present study is to develop appropriate scoring scales for each of the defined stages of the writing process, and also to determine to what extent these scoring scales can reliably and validly assess the performances of efl learners in an academic writing task. two hundred and two students’ writing samples were collected after a step-by-step process oriented essay writing ins...

In Parkinson's disease (PD) rating scales are used to assess the degree of disease-related disability and to titrate long-term treatment to each phase of the disease. Recognition of nonmotor symptoms required modification of existing widely used scales to integrate nonmotor elements. In addition, new scales have been developed for the assessment of nonmotor symptoms. In this article, assessment...

Correspondence to: Dr Jeremy Hobart, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Peninsula Medical School, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; Jeremy.Hobart@ phnt.swest.nhs.uk _________________________ A neurologist once told me that he found the subject of rating scales ‘‘exceedingly dull’’, while another found the area ‘‘abstruse’’. I have therefore attempted to produce an overview that is he...

Acta Orthopaedica Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713400243 Knee injury rating scales Jack Lysholm ab; Yelverton Tegner c a Winternet Research Centre, Boden b Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå c Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology,...

Over the past few decades, a number of clinician-rated and patient-rated instruments have been developed as primary efficacy measures in depression clinical trials. All those scales have relative strengths and weaknesses and some of them have been more successful than others, and have become the gold standards for depression clinical research. With all these measures available and with the evid...

conclusions this study indicated that the modified version of the adult nvps in step with the vrs is a useful tool for pain intensity assessment in the ed. results the average age of the participants was 35.2 years, and the extremities were the most common painful area (66.2%). the mean vrs and nvrs pain intensity ratings upon arrival were 6.16 (± 2.63) and 3.06 (± 2.17), respectively. the esti...