We study a model for the translocation of proteins across membranes through a nanopore using a ratcheting mechanism. When the protein enters the nanopore it diffuses in and out of the pore according to a Brownian motion. Moreover, it is bound by ratcheting molecules which hinder the diffusion of the protein out of the nanopore, i.e. the Brownian motion is reflected such that no ratcheting molec...

In this paper the ratcheting behavior of carbon steel(ASTM A106B) and stainless steel(304L) elbows is studied under steady internal pressure and in-plane external moments at frequencies typical of seismic excitations. The finite element analysis with the nonlinear isotropic/kinematic (combined) hardening model has been used to evaluate ratcheting behavior of the elbows. Material parameters have...

BACKGROUND Knee or tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a salvage procedure, often with unacceptable rates of nonunion. Basic science of fracture healing suggests that compression across a fusion site may decrease nonunion. A novel ratcheting arthrodesis nail designed to improve dynamic compression is mechanically tested in comparison to existing nails. METHODS A novel ratcheting nail was design...

Ratcheting-fatigue investigations have been carried out to understand the ratcheting-fatigue failure of carbon manganese steel (conforming to ASME specification of SA-333 Gr.6). Experiments have been conducted on pressurized pipe-elbow assembly subjected to reversible cyclic bending, to assess the failure mechanics owing to ratcheting-fatigue synergy. These studies are required to evaluate the ...

The evolutionary transition to multicellularity probably began with the formation of simple undifferentiated cellular groups. Such groups evolve readily in diverse lineages of extant unicellular taxa, suggesting that there are few genetic barriers to this first key step. This may act as a double-edged sword: labile transitions between unicellular and multicellular states may facilitate the evol...

In this paper, accumulation of plastic deformation of AISI 1045 steel plates with circular cutouts under cyclic axial loading is studied. Loading was applied under force-control conditions. Experimental tests were performed using a Zwick/Roell servo hydraulic machine. Under force-control loading with nonzero mean force, plastic strain was accumulated in continuous cycles called ratcheting. Nume...

A series of cyclic tension-torsion tests under symmetric shear strain and asymmetric axial stress control in various loading paths are conducted on 100 μm-diameter 316L steel wires applying a micro tensiontorsion fatigue testing apparatus. The ratcheting strain of the thin wire increases with increasing axial mean stress and decreases in a sequence of linear, rhombic and circular paths. The mac...

in this research, softening and ratcheting behaviors of ck20 alloy steel cylindrical shells were studied under displacement-control and force-control cyclic axial loading and the behavior of hysteresis curves of specimens was also investigated. experimental tests were performed by a servo-hydraulic instron 8802 machine. the mechanical properties of specimens were determined according to astm e8...

We investigate a mechanism that effectively transports fluids using vibrational motion imposed onto fluid boundary with anisotropy. In our experiment, two asymmetric, sawtooth-like structures are placed facing each other and form a corrugated fluid channel. This channel is then forced to open and close periodically. Under reciprocal motion, fluid fills in the gap during the expansion phase of t...