an accurate diagnosis of the morphology of the root canal system is a pre-requisite for successful root canal treatment. frequently, root canals are left untreated because the clinicians fail to identify their presence, particularly in teeth that have anatomical variations or additional root canals. in this report a maxillary lateral incisor with two roots has been described.

Hemimelia as a congenital anomaly is a failure of development of extremities formation in embryonic period. This anomaly is defined as complete absence of the part of extremities and different forms were explained for hemimelia. Adactyly is an alternative name for transverse hemimelia and is a rare disorder in the most of animal species. A two months old male lamb with normal vital signs was re...

Partial muscular inter-ventricular septal defect (VSD) or Pacman heart is a rare congenital or occasionally acquired anomaly. Concurrent Pacman heart and Shone's complex are extremely rare and have never been reported until now. We described a 37-year-old male patient with congenital Pacman heart, flail mitral valve (FMV), and a history of multiple congenital anomalies, including subvalvular ao...

Ebstein malformation is a rare disease that presents with a spectrum of severity. We use a management paradigm that breaks the anomaly into two groups: neonates and children/adults. This leads to a discussion of management and operative techniques as well as pitfalls. We hope the reader finds our streamlined and logical approach of benefit to this complex and rare disease.

hemimelia as a congenital anomaly is a failure of development of extremities formation in embryonic period. this anomaly is defined as complete absence of the part of extremities and different forms were explained for hemimelia. adactyly is an alternative name for transverse hemimelia and is a rare disorder in the most of animal species. a two months old male lamb with normal vital signs was re...

talon cusp is a rare developmental anomaly that occurs most commonly on the lingual side of the incisors. occurrence of the labial talon cusp is rare in the dental literature. till date only seven cases of isolated nonsyndromic labial talon cusps have been reported in the maxillary permanent dentition. however, a few cases of syndromic labial talon cusps and faciolingual talon cusps have been r...