The anticancer effects of retinoids are mainly mediated by two classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are encoded by three distinct genes (a, b, and g). Recent studies have demonstrated that RARb plays a critical role in mediating anticancer effects of retinoids. However, how RARb exerts its potent anticancer effects remains large...

Retinoic acid is a promising tool in adjuvant cancer therapies, including refractory thyroid cancer, and its biological role is mediated by the retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ). However, expression of RARβ is lowered in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), contributing to promotion of tumor growth and inefficiency of retinoic acid and radioactive iodine treatment. The causes of aberrant RARB ex...

The promise of retinoids as chemopreventive agents in breast cancer is based on the differentiation and apoptosis induced upon their binding to the retinoic acid (RA) receptor B (RARB). We have previously shown that HOXA5 induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether RA/ RARB and HOXA5 actions intersect to induce apoptosis and differentiation in breast cancer ...

BACKGROUND DNA methylation has been suggested as a biomarker for early cancer detection and treatment. Varieties of technologies for detecting DNA methylation have been developed, but they are not sufficiently sensitive for use in diagnostic devices. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of Raman spectroscopy for label-free detection of methylated DNA. METHODS The methylated ...

Retinoic acid (RA) has diverse biological effects. The liver stores vitamin A, generates RA, and expresses receptors for RA. The current study examines the hepatic binding profile of two RA receptor isoforms, RARA (RARα) and RARB (RARβ), in response to RA treatment in mouse livers. Our data uncovered 35,521, and 14,968 genomic bindings for RARA and RARB, respectively. Each expressed unique and ...

Four candidate retinoid antagonists (LE135, LE511, LE540, and LE550) were designed on the basis of the ligand superfamily concept and synthesized. Analysis of these related retinoids by transient transfection assay demonstrated that LE135, LE540, and LE550 are effective retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonists, whereas LE511 selectively induced RARb transcriptional activity. Both LE135 and LE54...

In advanced or recurrent malignant diseases, retinoic acid (RA) is not effective, even at doses that are toxic to the host. In late stages of breast cancer, patients do not respond to RA because the expression of RA receptor b (RARb) is lost. In the present study, the intracellular mechanism(s) of synergistic effects of RA and a site-selective cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogue, 8-chloro-adenosine 3*,5...

Androgens are essential for sexual development and reproduction. However, androgen regulation in health and disease is poorly understood. We showed that human adrenocortical H295R cells grown under starvation conditions acquire a hyperandrogenic steroid profile with changes in steroid metabolizing enzymes HSD3B2 and CYP17A1 essential for androgen production. Here we studied the regulatory mecha...

Abstract Background Growing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNA: microRNA: mRNA is implicated in tumor initiation, development, and progression. Long RNA HAND2-AS1 exhibits anti-cancer effects diverse cancers. However, the knowledge of HAND-AS1 bladder cancer development remains unknown. Methods LncRNA miRNA microarray was conducted to explore different expressed primary specimens. RNA-R...

PURPOSE The retinoic acid receptors are expressed from early stages of development in the diverse tissues that make up the vertebrate eye. Their loss has subtle effects on eye development. We adapted sensitive quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping methods to assess consequences of inactivating alleles of the alpha and beta receptors, Rara and Rarb, on eye and retinal development. Rara is of pa...