this paper presents a biogeography-based optimization (bbo) algorithm to solve the economic loaddispatch (eld) problem with generator constraints in thermal plants. the applied method can solvethe eld problem with constraints like transmission losses, ramp rate limits, and prohibited operatingzones. biogeography is the science of the geographical distribution of biological species. the modelsof...

This paper suggests the operation polices of storage devices to limiting ramp rates of wind power output. Operation polices are based on the optimization framework of linear programming under the assumption that there is a penalty cost for deviating outside ramp rate limits. Policies decide optimal storage operations to minimize the total penalty costs incurred when violating ramp rate limits. ...

one of the significant strategies of the power systems is economic dispatch (ed) problem, which is defined as the optimal generation of power units to produce energy at the lowest cost by fulfilling the demand within several limits. the undeniable impacts of ramp rate limits, valve loading, prohibited operating zone, spinning reserve and multi-fuel option on the economic dispatch of practical p...

One of the significant strategies of the power systems is Economic Dispatch (ED) problem, which is defined as the optimal generation of power units to produce energy at the lowest cost by fulfilling the demand within several limits. The undeniable impacts of ramp rate limits, valve loading, prohibited operating zone, spinning reserve and multi-fuel option on the economic dispatch of practical p...

nowadays, economic load dispatch between generation units with least cost involved is one of the most important issues in utilizing power systems. in this paper, a new method i.e. water cycle algorithm (wca) which is similar to other intelligent algorithm and is based on swarm, is employed in order to solve the economic load dispatch problem between power plants. wca is used to solve complicate...

Economic power dispatch (EPD) is one of the main tools for optimal operation and planning of modern power systems. To solve effectively the EPD problem, most of the conventional calculus methods rely on the assumption that the fuel cost characteristic of a generating unit is a continuous and convex function, resulting in inaccurate dispatch. This paper presents the design and application of eff...

We apply model predictive control to optimally coordinate variable speed limits and ramp metering. The basic idea is that speed limits can increase the (density) range in which ramp metering is useful. For the prediction we use a slightly adapted version of the METANET traffic flow model that takes the variable speed limits into account. The optimal control signals aim at minimizing the total t...

This paper presents clonal selection algorithm to solve the Dynamic Economic Dispatch Problem (DEDP) of generating units considering valve point loading effects. It determines the optimal operation of units with predicted load demand over a certain period of time with an objective to minimize total production cost while the system is operating with ramp rate limits. This paper presents DED base...

PURPOSE The work rate (WR) corresponding to ventilatory threshold (VT) is an appropriate intensity for regenerative and low-intensity training sessions. During incremental ramp exercise, VO(2) increase lags behind WR increase. Traditionally, a VO(2) time delay (t(d)) of 45 seconds is used to calculate the WR at VT from such tests. Considerable inaccuracies were observed when using this constant...