Railway transportation plays an important role in the economic development of Iran. National Iranian Railways includes fifteen regional railways which operate independently, but under the supervision of National Iranian Railways Company. Evaluating the efficiency of regional railways is an important issue in Iran and is one of the bases for budget and resource allocation for further developmen...

Railways were the most important infrastructure development in India from 1850 to 1947. They were inter-connected with all aspects of Indian society. In terms of the economy, railways played a major role in integrating markets and increasing trade. Domestic and international economic trends shaped the pace of railway construction and the demand for the important traffic flows to the ports. In t...

When the railways were nationalized between 1906 and 1907, the skeleton of the nationwide trunk rail network was nearly completed, as mandated in the Railway Construction Act of 1892. At the end of 1907, nationalized railway lines in operation totalled 7,165 km. Construction continued and 2,677 km of line were added by the end of 1919. In addition to active line expansion, the first decade afte...

Railways were integral to the development of the Indian economy before World War I. In this paper, we present new estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) for railways from 1874 to 1912, which highlight the strong performance of this key industrial sector. We find railway-industry TFP growth to be substantial, averaging 2.5 percent per year and generating a 3 percent social savings for the ...

In 2001, railways in Japan carried 21.79 billion passengers (25.1% of all passenger transport) or 384.5 billion passenger-km (27% of all passenger transport). Rail freight totalled 59 million tonnes (1.0% of all freight transport) or 22.2 billion tonnekm (3.8% of total), clearly indicating that Japanese railway operators are almost exclusively passenger companies. Following the 1987 privatizati...

Despite being one of the world’s largest railways networks, with a daily transportation of over 25 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight, the Indian Railways perform their signaling, traffic management and trains scheduling activities in a completely manual way. The lack of automation causes not only significant delays, but also frequent collisions where passengers die or remain se...

Railways were the most important infrastructure development in India from 1850 to 1947. They were inter-connected with all aspects of Indian society. In terms of the economy, railways played a major role in integrating markets and increasing trade. Domestic and international economic trends shaped the pace of railway construction and the demand for the important traffic flows to the ports. In t...

Formal verification and validation is a fundamental step for the certification of railways critical systems. Many railways safety standards (e.g. the CENELEC EN-50126, EN-50128 and EN-50129 standards implement the mandatory safety requirements of IEC-61508-7 standard for Functional and Safety) currently mandate the use of formal methods in the design to certify correctness. In this paper we des...