foot and mouth disease (fmd) is the most contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causingsignificant economical losses in livestock animals. in this study fmd virus type a87/irn was cultured andmultiplied on bhk21 cells. the fmd virus was titrated by the tissue culture infection dose50 method(tcid50 /ml), the virus titration was 107.5.. the fmd virus samples were irradiated and inactivated ...

Background: Although the scientific literature has extensively discussed the impact of the media on people’s health-related behaviors, there is little evidence on the effect of different sources of Covid-19 vaccine news on changing the intention to adhere to health protocols. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the news sources of Covid vaccine 19 and the association of ea...

Results The surveyed participants were composed of physician 8.5%, nurse 35%, and paramedic staff 56.5%. The response rate was 97.6%. Although 84% of the respondents regarded this vaccine as being beneficial, only 60.1% were willing to be vaccinated. The most common reason for refusal of vaccination was concern about the potential side effects of vaccine (29%). The most common source of vaccine...

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-Azar (KA) is one of the most deadly forms of disease among all neglected tropical diseases. There are no satisfactory drugs or vaccine candidates available for this dreaded disease. Our previous studies showed promising therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of the live, radio-attenuated parasites through intramuscular (I.M.) and intraperitoneal (I....

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns decisively influence antiviral immune responses, whereas the contribution of endogenous signals of tissue damage, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns or alarmins, remains ill defined. We show that interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released from necrotic cells, is necessary for potent CD8(+) T cell (CTL) responses to replicating, prototypic ...

In the paper we illustrate some possible injection/extraction schemes in the Damping Ring of TESLA using RF deflectors. We illustrate different possible solutions using 2 or 3 RF frequencies in 2, 4 or 6 RF deflector groups both considering the bunches modeled as macro-particles without a finite length and considering a finite bunch length. We discuss, finally, the effects of the errors in the ...

a s t a c k f r a m e c a n b e d y n a m i c a l l y c h a n g e d a t a n y t i m e. A s t a c k f r a m e b e g i n s a t a p o s i t i o n m a r k e d b y t h e " C u r r e n t F r a m e M a r k e r " (C F M) , a n d e n d s a t t h e " T o p O f S t a c k " o c a t e d a t t h e b o t t o m o f t h e s t a c k , a n d n o t r a n d o m l y s c a t t e r e d a l l o v e r t h e f r a m e , ...

INTRODUCTION Nigeria, the only African country endemic for wild poliovirus, adopted Immunization Plus Days (IPD) to eradicate polio. Refusal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) by heads of households is a significant challenge. In Sokoto state, we determined characteristics of heads of households refusing OPV during IPD in 2011. METHODS To evaluate reasons for refusals, we conducted a case control st...

To fully empower sensor networks with cognitive Internet of Things (IoT) technology, efficient medium access control protocols that enable the coexistence of cognitive sensor networks with current wireless infrastructure are as essential as the cognitive power in data fusion and processing due to shared wireless spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) is introduced to increase spectrum efficiency and su...