objective(s) learning is defined as the acquisition of information and skills, while subsequent retention of that information is called memory. the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of boswellia papyrifera on learning and memory paradigms in mice and rats. materials and methods this study was held at the department of pharmacology, faculty of pharma...

introduction: alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a enfeeble neurodegenerative disorder characterized by increased β-amyloid (aβ) deposition and neuronal dysfunction leading to impaired learning and recall. among proposed risk factors, impaired cholinergic transmission is a main cause for incidence of disease. methods: in the present study, effects of the intracerebroventricularly administration of an ...

background sildenafil (viagra) has been introduced to treat erectile dysfunction by acting as phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor and hence accumulation of guanosine cyclic monophosphate (cgmp). on the other hands, the nitric oxide/cgmp signaling pathway has crucial role in synaptic plasticity processes like long-term potentiation (ltp) in the central nervous system considered as a model of learning ...

The limbic thalamus, specifically the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), contains brain signals including that of head direction cells, which fire as a function of an animal's directional orientation in an environment. Recent work has suggested that this directional orientation information stemming from the ATN contributes to the generation of hippocampal and parahippocampal spatial representation...

The existence of sex differences in the standard rat and mouse models of learning and memory is a controversial and contested topic in the literature. The present meta-analysis of radial maze and water maze experiments was conducted to assess the reliablility and magnitude of sex effects in the standard rodent models of learning and memory. Data were culled from published and unpublished source...

The present study examined sex differences in object memory by using 2-dimensional object arrays and in spatial memory by using a computerized virtual 12-arm radial maze. Virtual T-maze and water maze tasks were also used to examine sex differences in the use of spatial and nonspatial strategies during navigation. Women significantly outperformed men in recalling the locations and identities of...

Short-term spatial memory of rats was studied in a 12-arm radial tubular maze. Correct performance does not depend on maze structure which affects, however, thse rat's trajectory through the maze. Rats overtrained in the 12-arm radial maze show considerable transfer of the habit to a maze consisting of 12 parallel alleys entered froin a common choice area. When isolated maze channels equipped w...

Studies rarely assess treatment effects across tasks; the present experiments addressed this issue. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats (n=12) were trained and then tested with variable delays on a spatial match-to-position task sequentially in the water and radial mazes (in counterbalanced order). Experiment 1 compared the effect of 0-, 60- and 1440-min delays on performance in both mazes. Rats requi...

Lesions of the amygdala impair performance on a conditioned place preference (CPP) but not a spatial radial maze task. The role of cholinergic receptors within the amygdala in performance of these tasks was evaluated using intra-amygdala injections of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine. Food deprived rats were trained on a CPP task, which consisted of four training trials on two ar...