It is essential for most organizations and financial institutes to be able to evaluate their decision-making units (DMUs), when there is only a ratio of inputs to outputs (or vice versa) available. In this paper, we will propose our two-stage DEA-R models, which are a combination of data envelopment analysis and ratio data, based on value efficiency. Integrating value efficiency into data envel...

In two experiments, we aimed to show the importance of task characteristics in scalar implicature production. In Experiment 1, we found that five-year-olds were significantly more pragmatic when given an Action-Based Task (ABT), in which they had to respond by performing an action than in a Truth-Value Judgement Task (TVJT), in which they had to evaluate the truth-value of statements. Experimen...

In this paper we perform a further investigation for r-gcd-sum and r-lcm-sum functions. By making use of the properties generalization Euler’s φ-function, Abel’s identity elementary arguments, derive asymptotic formulas average function, function their generalizations. Moreover, also study sums reciprocals r-gcd r-lcm.

malmquist productivity index (mpi) is a numeric index that is of great importance in measuring productivity and its changes. in recent years, tools like dea have been utilized for determining mpi. in the present paper, some models are recommended for calculating mpi when there are just ratio data available. then, using dea and dea-r, some models are proposed under the constant returns to scale ...

Big pharma dealmaking returns to pre-pandemic levels as companies spend big develop a range of cancer therapies.

Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is a numeric index that is of great importance in measuring productivity and its changes. In recent years, tools like DEA have been utilized for determining MPI. In the present paper, some models are recommended for calculating MPI when there are just ratio data available. Then, using DEA and DEA-R, some models are proposed under the constant returns to scale ...