The R-type corrections to ten and eleven dimensional supergravity required by string and M-theory imply corrections to supersymmetric supergravity compactifications on manifolds of special holonomy, which deform the metric away from special holonomy. Nevertheless, in many such cases, including Calabi-Yau compactifications of string theory and G2-compactifications of M-theory, it has been shown ...

‎a new method for the defuzzification of fuzzy numbers is developed in this paper. it is well-known, defuzzification methods allow us to find aggregative crisp numbers or crisp set for fuzzy numbers. but different fuzzy numbers are often converted into one crisp number. in this case the loss of essential information is possible. it may result in inadequate final conclusions, for example, expert...