in order to micropropagate of four vigorous rootstocks of pear, including pyrus betulifolia, konjuni, dargazi and gh1, effects of basic plant culture media (ms, ql and modified ql), cytokinins and auxins on productivity, proliferation and rooting were studied in seed and plant improvement institute, karaj. the highest amount of productivity for all rootstocks was observed in ql medium. among pe...

We have recently introduced a quasi-linear (QL) approximation for the solution of the three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic modeling problem. In this paper we discuss an approach to improving its accuracy by considering the QL approximations of the higher­ order. This approach can be considered the natural generalization of the Born series. We use the modified Green's operator with the norm l...

n-symplectic geometry on the adapted frame bundle λ : LπE → E of an n = (m + k)-dimensional fiber bundle π : E → M is used to set up an algebra of observables for covariant Lagrangian field theories. Using the principle bundle ρ : LπE → Jπ we lift a Lagrangian L : Jπ → R to a Lagrangian L := ρ∗(L) : LπE → R, and then use L to define a ”modified n-symplectic potential” θ̂L on LπE, the Cartan-Hami...

Purpose of Review. Since the original publication on the quadratus lumborum (QL) block, the technique has evolved significantly during the last decade. This review highlights recent advances in various approaches for administering the QL block and proposes directions for future research. Recent Findings. The QL block findings continue to become clearer. We now understand that the QL block has s...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether smoking quit rates and satisfaction with the Washington State tobacco quitline (QL) services varied by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, area of residence (that is, urban versus non-urban), or sex of Washington QL callers. METHODS From October 2004 into October 2005, we conducted telephone surveys of Washington QL callers about three months after their initial ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is an association between supine leg-length alignment (LLA) asymmetry and the endurance of the erector spinae (ES) and quadratus lumborum (QL) muscles. METHODS Forty-seven subjects (21 women; average age, 36 years old) were tested for ES endurance using the Biering-Sorensen (B-S) test, and 69 (31 women; average age, 34.5 years) were tested for QL endurance. Sub...

Quantum lithography (QL) is a revolutionary approach to significantly increase the throughput and lower the cost of electron beam lithography in writing large-area masks with nanoscale features. A major challenge in QL is that its principle can be readily applied to positive- but not negative-tone QL. In fact, negative-tone QL, which is as indispensable as positive-tone QL in practical usage, h...