Two new lymphocyte antigens, provisionally designated Qat-4 and Qat-5 have been identified with two different hybridoma-derived, monoclonal AKR antiC57BL/6 antibodies. These antigens are governed by genes located to the right (distal) end of the H-2 complex, within the Qa-2,3 region. Qat-4 and Qat-5 antigens which do not seem to be identical with Qa-2,3 or TL antigens are absent from Ig/ lympho...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a wage increase on Qat consumption for the Djiboutian mail household head using a static framework. In particular, by using a system of simultaneous of equations with Qat consumption and Wage as endogenous variables, the paper estimates whether a wage increase will affect Qat consumption. Our findings suggest that the impact of wage on Qat cons...

BACKGROUND Qat (also known as Khat, Kat and Miraa) is a green-leaved plant (Catha edulis). It is a shrub indigenous to Yemen and certain parts of eastern Africa. Chewing the leaves, which have sympathomimetic and euphoric effects, has been documented in many countries and increased with worldwide migration. The effect of long-term chewing Qat on the oral cavity is unknown. OBJECTIVE A systema...

1. The phrase [chewing khat] mentioned in the paper is a misnomer and should be replaced by "takhzeen al-qat" as chewing does not infer the exact meaning of what Yemeni people used to do. They used to do "takhzeen" which means in Arabic chewing and storing of qat for several hours. Therefore, the Arabic word takhzeen is used to properly describe this habit1. And the word qat with letter "q" is ...

AIM Qat chewing has been reported to induce subgingival microbial shifts suggestive of prebiotic-like properties. The objective here was to assess the effect of qat chewing on a panel of classical and new putative periopathogens in health and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 qat chewers and 40 nonchewers, equally stratified by periodontal health status, were recruited. Taqman, real-tim...

This study assessed the effect of qat chewing on periodontal health, independent of other risk factors. Four hundred qat chewers and 100 nonchewers (20-50 years) were included. Demographic data and detailed information about chewing and smoking were obtained. Periodontal status was assessed using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The qat chewers were older, i...

OBJECTIVE To examine the distribution of quantitative autistic traits (QATs) in an independent neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) sample, the relationships between QAT, sex, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology, and to explore evidence for QAT mutational specificity within families. STUDY DESIGN Age-appropriate versions of the Social Responsiveness Scale, second edit...

BACKGROUND Qat (Catha edulis) chewing is reported to induce lesions in the buccal mucosa, irritation of the esophagus, and esophageal reflux. Case series suggest a possible etiological role in oral and esophageal cancers. This pilot study aimed to generate preliminary estimates of the magnitude and direction of the association between qat use and esophageal cancer (EC) risk and to inform the lo...

Background: Autistic traits exist along a continuum that extends into social functioning in the general population, and they aggregate in the family members of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Quantitative measures are therefore essential when investigating the patterns of familiality of these traits. Prior studies have suggested differential inheritance patterns of autistic traits...