the political and social system involved in the limbo between tradition and modernity of the qajar era caused widespread and quick developments in iranian culture, art, and architecture as well as a challenge between tradition and modernity. relatively numerous palaces built in this era were signs of greatness and distinction-seeking of the qajar kings and aristocrats, who embraced all transfor...

iranian traditional cities were created with a system based on experiments and gradual establishment of society through time. qajar era is especially important in iranian art history. until mid qajar era, iranian cities’s architecture mainly took benefit of its common traditional architecture that is already seen in most desert-surrounding cities. till this era, there was not any connection bet...

khānsār was one of the principal cities of isfahan district in qajar era. the city is mentioned repeatedly in historical texts and visited frequently by european travelers khānsār was celebrated in qajar era for presence of significant cultural and artistic figures in the city as well as production of various commercial products. the remnants of commercial monuments such as qajar bazar or kārva...

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over energy resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since the global contribution from residential buildings towards energy consumption, has steadily increased between 20% and 40% and as large openings have considerable energy and heat loss in dwellings, this paper establishes a coefficient of heat loss and air infiltration ...

in terms of time, iranian mystic seyyed jaafar kashfi belongs to the era that is known as the end of the political thought era, from the perspective of decline theory. however, he is one of the great thinkers of the qajar era who in his two books entitled “tohfat al-muluk” and “mizan al-muluk” presented his political thought on the basis of mystical way. the main question in this research is wh...