Networks play an important role in electrical and electronic engineering. It depends on what area of engineering, for example, there is a lot more abstract mathematics communication theory signal processing networking, etc. involve nodes communicating with each other. Graph has found considerable use this area. In paper, we introduce some new such as Graph-PW, Network Symmetric Digraph-PW, Chan...

Delayed posterior wall (PW) peak in the detection of PW asynergy was studied by M-mode echocardiography in 53 patients with angiographically proven PW aneurysm, hypokinesis and normal PW. The timing of the PW peak was evaluated by the intervals between (1) the aortic valve closure (Ac) and the PW peak, and (2) the R wave of the electrocardiogram and the PW peak (R-peak). The PW excursion predic...

This document specifies a mechanism to signal Pseudowire (PW) status messages using a PW associated channel (ACh). Such a mechanism is suitable for use where no PW dynamic control plane exits, known as static PWs, or where a Terminating Provider Edge (T-PE) needs to send a PW status message directly to a far-end T-PE. The mechanism allows PW Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) mes...

Pseudowire signaling requires that the Pseudowire Type (PW Type) be identical in both directions. For certain applications the configuration of the PW Type is most easily accomplished by configuring this information at just one PW endpoint. In any form of LDP-based signaling, each PW endpoint must initiate the creation of a unidirectional LSP. In order to allow the initiation of these two LSPs ...

This document describes a framework comprised of a number of scenarios and associated requirements for pseudowire (PW) redundancy. A set of redundant PWs is configured between provider edge (PE) nodes in single-segment PW applications or between terminating PE (T-PE) nodes in multi-segment PW applications. In order for the PE/T-PE nodes to indicate the preferred PW to use for forwarding PW pack...

This document describes how to connect pseudowires (PWs) between different Packet Switched Network (PSN) domains or between two or more distinct PW control plane domains, where a control plane domain uses a common control plane protocol or instance of that protocol for a given PW. The different PW control plane domains may belong to independent autonomous systems, or the PSN technology is heter...

PURPOSE To compare the observer variability of the conventional region-based (RB) to the typical and proposed pixel-wise (PW) methods for cardiac T2* analysis in thalassemia patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty thalassemia major patients were enrolled for the study. Short-axis bright- and black-blood sequences were acquired and analyzed using the RB and PW methods. Regions were defined using th...

BACKGROUND The most crucial factor in hair transplantation for male pattern baldness (MPB) patients is the efficient utilization of the donor-recipient ratio. However, there is no known factor that scientifically predicts the rate of progression of alopecia or indicates a permanently safe donor area. METHODS The study considered 1,008 Korean adult males with MPB; of these, it excluded 56 male...

This document describes a mechanism for signaling the active and standby status of redundant Pseudowires (PWs) between their termination points. A set of Redundant PWs is configured between Provider Edge (PE) nodes in single-segment pseudowire (SS-PW) applications or between Terminating Provider Edge (T-PE) nodes in Multi-Segment Pseudowire (MS-PW) applications. In order for the PE/T-PE nodes t...

This document specifies the mapping and notification of defect states between a pseudowire (PW) and the Attachment Circuits (ACs) of the end-to-end emulated service. It standardizes the behavior of Provider Edges (PEs) with respect to PW and AC defects. It addresses ATM, Frame Relay, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), and Synchronous Optical Network / Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) PW...