The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is an investigator initiated programme to assess the health of more than 600 communities selected from 17 countries. Three high-income countries, seven middle-income and seven low-income countries are taking part. As the name suggests, PURE also looks at differences between rural and urban communities. It’s a massive undertaking which is sta...

This paper explores the impact of university finance reforms on teaching quality. It is shown that the graduate tax can achieve efficiency with tuition fees administered by the government, while student grants, pure and income contingent loans can not. However, all options are inefficient when universities have the autonomy to set tuition fees. Then, pure loans dominate the graduate tax and are...

land use optimization is one of the suitable methods for soil conservation. the present research with objective of land use optimization for soil erosion minimization and pure income maximization was conducted in the part of taleghan watershed which comprises 80427.23 ha in area. to achieve this propose, area, erosion rate and net income value of each land uses according to requiring standards ...

This paper analyzes the effect of a change in lump-sum (private) income on the tax and expenditure decisions of a government constrained by taxpayers’ behavioral responses to the tax policy. Lump-sum changes of private income are generally characterized as pure income effects on taxpayers’ behavior, and usually considered in public finance theory as imposing no price effects on the economy. In ...

Models of labor market equilibrium that let forward-looking decisions be aimed at maximization of expected pro ̄ts and labor income offer valuable insights into the e®ects of job security provisions, but can hardly explain why they would ever be imposed. This paper's model of dynamic labor market interactions lets labor reallocation costs be partly ̄nanced by risk-averse workers' consumption °ow...

BACKGROUND Although meat constitutes an important part of many consumers' diet, its consumption has become a quiet controversial issue. Several factors are effective on tendency to red meat consumption. The 2007's report of the world Cancer Research Fund makes the recommendation to limit the consumption of red meat to less than 500 g per week. The aim of this study is to determine meat and meat...

This paper deals with the relative economic performance of immigrants compared to the native born population in Germany. We compare pre-and post-government income, using data from the German SocioEconomic Panel from 1995 to 1997. We categorize six population subgroups by the ethnicity of the adult household members: native-born West Germans, East Germans, " pure " Aussiedler (ethnic German immi...

OBJECTIVES To shed light on how the public health community can promote the recovery of Hurricane Katrina victims and protect people in future disasters, we examined the experiences of evacuees housed in Houston area shelters 2 weeks after the hurricane. METHODS A survey was conducted September 10 through 12, 2005, with 680 randomly selected respondents who were evacuated to Houston from the ...

This paper analyzes supply and demand side characteristics of (voluntary) Red Cross services in Austria. Empirical results are presented based on a CV study on people’s willingness to pay for the maintenance of emergency treatment after injury, transportation services and disaster relief activities. A comparison of aggregated willingness to pay measures with actual cost of the Red Cross system ...

We model a welfare state with only basic income, a welfare state with basic income and Bismarckian social insurance, a pure market outcome and an informal sector. Using these models we study under what circumstances a system with basic income is economically feasible and supported by a majority. We conclude that there are reasonable circumstances under which a the combination of basic income an...