The purpose of this essay is to offer criteria for the identification of propaganda as a type of discourse, and for the analysis and evaluation of argumentation used in propaganda.1 Ten essential characteristics (as well as several other typical properties) of propaganda as an identifiable type of discourse are given. Some advice is given on how to analyze argumentation in propaganda, and to re...

research symposia which were in themselves the reports of working Parties held over the preceding fortnight. Some of them have been already printed in various journals, but this book will provide a welcome opportunity for these to be re-read and for some to be studied for the first time. It will also bring back happy memories to participants. The subjects covered partnership in mental health an...

although experts and historians hardly share the same opinion over the first signs of hisbat (hisbat) in the history of islam, by looking at the history of islam, the creation of hisbat system can be sought in madinat-ai-nabi in the prophet era. and whereas the hisbat system, in this period of time, was not popular and organized like what was shaped in the abbasid era, it established a structur...