In The proper treatment of quantification in ordimny Englim tk rQ) (Montague, 1973), Richard Montague presents the syntax and semantics of a fragment of English. His objective is to support the contention that “there is . . . no important theoretical difference between natural languages and the artificial languages of logicians” and that it is “possible to comprehend the syntax given in PTQ con...

PURPOSE Passive fecal incontinence after hemorrhoidectomy may occur and is socially incapacitating. There has been no effective treatment for passive fecal incontinence caused by internal anal sphincter dysfunction. This case series reviewed the outcome of therapy with injectable silicone biomaterial (PTQ) in patients who had passive fecal incontinence after hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS From 200...

This paper aims to show how Montague-style grammars can be completely formalized and thereby declaratively implemented by using the Grammatical Framework GF. The implementation covers the fundamental operations of Montague’s PTQ model: the construction of analysis trees, the linearization of trees into strings, and the interpretation of trees as logical formulas. Moreover, a parsing algorithm i...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we compare muscular strength of the internal rotators and adductors of the shoulder between asymmetrical (backstroke and freestyle) and symmetrical (breaststroke and butterfly) swimming strokes. METHOD: We evaluated: shoulders of (a) asymmetrical swimmers (aged 21.8 ^ 3.8 years), (b) symmetrical swimmers (aged 20.3 ^ 4.5 years), (c) recreational swimmers (aged 24.5 ^ 4...

Integrin-mediated adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells to scaffolds is a critical component of tissue engineering. We investigated integrin expression by the human fetal osteoblastic cell line, hFOB 1.19 (hFOB), as a function of substratum surface wettability. The influence of surface wettability on bone cell phenotype was also examined. Plasma-treated quartz (PTQ) and glass (PTG) (hydrophilic...

Background: Sowing time and variety-specific genetics influence the phenological development of lentil (Lens culinaris L.), affecting its heat solar energy utilization for attaining satisfactory yield. The present study was conducted to assess how different thermal indices behaved in explaining variation phenology yield components with corresponding effects on varieties grown under varying sowi...

This paper presents a technique for further applications of deductive databases in the eld of natural language processing. Although there were enormous research eeorts on analyzing the semantics of natural languages (NL), especially using Montague grammars (PTQ) for Prolog, corresponding programs for deductive databases are still missing, since range restriction is required in nearly all deduct...

Oil concentration (OC) in canola (B. napus L.) is determined during seed fillingperiod (SFP), and the variation in OC is greatly related to environmental conditionsduring that period. To determine factors affecting OC in canola, 12 fieldexperiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran,during 2000-07. The experiments were carried out under different growingconditions. ...

Building on Ben-Avi and Winter’s (2007) work, this paper provides a general “intensionalization” procedure that turns an extensional semantics for a language into an intensionalized one that is capable of accommodating “truly intensional” lexical items without changing the compositional semantic rules. We prove some formal properties of this procedure and clarify its relation to the procedure i...

There is evidence of the negative effects on canola seed yield caused by shading (SH) and high temperature stress (HT) separately, but combined effect both stresses has not been studied. This work aimed to (i) evaluate SH HT stresses, alone combined, floral development, quality, (ii) quantify resulting (additive, synergistic, antagonistic) (iii) examine utility photothermal quotient (PTQ, solar...