This paper investigates the Becker-Woessmann (2009) argument that Protestants were more prosperous in nineteenth-century Prussia because they were more literate, a version of the Weber thesis, and shows that it cannot be sustained. The econometric analysis on which Becker and Woessman based their argument is fundamentally flawed, because their instrumental variable does not satisfy the exclusio...

5 In Vivo Pharmacology, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, PO Box 1539, Mail Code UW 2523, 709 Swedeland Road, 6 King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA 7 Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 8 Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, UK 9 Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center of Excellen...

The institutional reforms France imposed in the parts of Germany it occupied late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are claimed to provide an example successful externally-imposed reforms. most detailed study is that Lecce Ogliari (2019), who argue effectiveness transplanted French institutions different Prussia depended on cultural proximity between relevant part Prussia. However, take...

Given the same reproductive span, more children with shorter interbirth intervals and less parental attention per child should not do as well. There should be intermediate optima in family sizes, but only two studies have demonstrated optima. The goal here is to determine whether the relationship between fitness and fertility is linear and whether this relationship masks underlying variation in...

Millions of people were forced to emigrate when World War II came an end in 1945. Migration processes particularly pronounced East Prussia, the German territory that was partitioned between Poland and USSR after war. Germans fled from their farms settled by newcomers central Eastern Borderlands had been ceded Soviet Union. This article discusses narrative surrounding wave post-war migration Pol...