BACKGROUND Substantial progress in human leukocyte antigen antibody specification has been made by the introduction of Luminex single-antigen bead (SAB) assays. This progress was impaired when it turned out that this method is prone to a prozone effect leading to false-negative results in the case of high antibody titers. Testing serum and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma of one pa...

BACKGROUND The prozone phenomenon is known to be associated with high antibody titers; other associations, such as host factors, have not been elucidated. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the incidence of the prozone phenomenon of the syphilis rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test among 46 856 clinical samples, between June 2010 and June 2013. Logistic regression was used t...

Mice experimentally infected with a pathogenic strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola produced false negative results (prozone effect) in a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). This prozone effect occurred in several serum samples collected at different post-infection times, but it was more prominent in samples collected from seven-42 days post-infection and for 1:50 and 1:100 sampl...

Previous work has shown that Suc1/Cks proteins can promote the hyperphosphorylation of primed Cdk1 substrates through the formation of ternary Cdk1-Cks-phosphosubstrate complexes. This raises the possibility that Cks proteins might be able to both facilitate and interfere with hyperphosphorylation through a mechanism analogous to the prozone effect in antigen-antibody interactions, with substoi...

In 1942 Taylor, Race, Prior, and Ikin reported an anti-Rh serum which failed to agglutinate Rhpositive cells in saline suspension except when diluted. They thought that this prozone was due to antigen and antibody not being present in optimal proportions, and that the mechanism was similar to that of the zones that occur in precipitation reactions. Wiener (1944) described incomplete Rh antibodi...

Goalkeepers have a very important role in handball. In coaching communities it is well recognized that goalkeepers' performances can predict team ranking in major tournaments. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on elite goalkeepers participating in World Championships. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse goalkeepers' save performance during the 88 matches of the 2015 ...

Malaria diagnosis remains a concern in non-endemic countries, with rapid diagnosis being crucial to improve patients’ outcome. Rapid diagnostic tests have high sensitivity but they also have flaws and false-negative results that might jeopardize malaria diagnosis. Some falsenegative results might relate to a prozone-like effect. The authors describe two patients with false-negative rapid diagno...

Dear editor, the fecal occult blood test is the presently widely used screening laboratory test for colorectal cancer. At present, the test is usually based on an immunological diagnostic principle (1, 2). A false positive fecal occult blood is common and widely mentioned in literature. Nevertheless, the false negative is little mentioned in the paper. Here, the authors discuss the issue of the...

In 1942 Taylor, Race, Prior, and Ikin reported an anti-Rh serum which failed to agglutinate Rhpositive cells in saline suspension except when diluted. They thought that this prozone was due to antigen and antibody not being present in optimal proportions, and that the mechanism was similar to that of the zones that occur in precipitation reactions. Wiener (1944) described incomplete Rh antibodi...