Protectionism against economic globalization (free trade and FDI) always surges in the financial crises as the pressure from unemployment mounts. This paper aims to assess the rationality of the protectionism. Instead of analyzing from the pure economic efficiency perspective, this paper assesses the rationality of protectionism from the political relation perspective. By building a costly sign...

In the economic model that underlies the WTO the only group that can be expected to ask for protection is producers in importing countries. The existing multilateral trade architecture reflects that assumption. Much of the recent criticism of the multilateral trade regime has arisen as a result of new groups explicitly asking domestic politicians for protection. As these groups were not expecte...

Trade Protectionism If we had a situation where these [steel workers] were our constituents and someone was breaking in their house and raping and robbing and pillaging them, we would want to send in a policeman to do something. In this instance, they [importers of foreign steel] are just coming in and taking their future, they are taking their jobs, they are taking all of their dreams away. … ...

Sociological studies of global agriculture need to pay close attention to the protectionist aspects of neoliberalism at the global scale of environmental governance. With agri-food studies in the social sciences broadening interrogations of the impact of neoliberalism on agri-food systems and their alternatives, investigating global environmental governance (GEG) will help reveal its impacts on...

Introduction Considering "all the options" "Listening to everyone" and considering "all the feedback" Designing out options and feedback Learnings from democratic voting and polling systems Misleading feedback solicitation: implications for democracy and consensual strategies Implications for e-democracy and crowdsourcing Forms of cognitive protectionism in the light of trade protectionism Fram...

We explore in this article an institutional foundation of agricultural protectionism in Japan, a country long recognized as resisting international pressures to open up its rice market. Using our qualitative analysis of postwar politics of agricultural protectionism and a simple formal model, we argue that farmers in Japan have stronger incentives to mobilize electoral support for the governing...

This paper investigates trends and determinants of the spatial concentration of China’s manufacturing industries using a large firm-level data for the time period of 1998 to 2005. It is found that the overall industrial agglomeration in China has increased steadily in recent years though it is still much lower than those of the well-developed market economies (such as United States, United King...