The strong differences in manifestation, prevalence, and incidence in dyslexia across languages invite studies in specific writing systems. In particular, the question of the role played by emergent literacy in opaque and transparent writing systems remains a fraught one. This research project tested, through a 4-year prospective cohort study, an emergent literacy model for the analysis of the ...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) patients face numerous difficulties adhering to the long-term, rigorous TB treatment regimen. Findings on TB patients' treatment adherence vary across existing literature and official reports. The present study attempted to determine the actual treatment adherence of new TB patients and to identify factors leading to non-adherence. METHODS A prospective cohort of ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of vitamin D status with all-cause mortality in a Norwegian population and the potential influences of existing chronic diseases on the association. DESIGN A population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. PARTICIPANTS A random sample (n=6613) of adults aged 20 years or older in a cohort. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxy...

Aim: As to the assessment of occlusal status pertaining to primary canines and molars, the latter is less within reach as it is difficult to guide jaws towards a centric occlusion while maintaining a vintage point in both direct and indirect observation.  This study was originally intended to assess primary canine occlusion as a practical indicator in the evaluation of primary molar occlusion, ...

BACKGROUND Few studies have considered source-specific micronutrient intake in relation to mortality under the consideration that dietary and supplemental intake could exhibit different effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between intake of vitamin C, E, folate, beta-carotene from diet and supplements, and overall mortality. Furthermore, to examine effect modification by smoking, al...

BACKGROUND General practitioners (GPs) use gut feelings to diagnose cancer in an early stage, but little is known about its impact. METHOD Prospective cohort study of patients in 44 general practices throughout the Netherlands, from January 2010 until December 2013. GPs completed a questionnaire regarding gut feelings, patient and GP characteristics, if they noticed a cancer-related gut feeli...

hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is the most common cause of end stage liver disease in iran and in golestan province. large-scale population-based prospective cohort studies with long term follow-up are the method of choice to accurately understand the natural course of hbv infection. to date, several studies of hbv epidemiology, natural history, progression to cirrhosis and association with ...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of red meat consumption in relation to risk of heart failure (HF) are scarce. We examined the associations of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption with HF incidence and mortality in men. METHODS AND RESULTS The population-based prospective Cohort of Swedish Men included 37 035 men, aged 45 to 79 years, with no history of HF, ischemic heart disease,...

BACKGROUND Tooth loss may be a modifiable risk factor for memory disorders, but the causal relationship has not been evaluated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE This 5-year prospective cohort study investigated the effect of tooth loss on the development of mild memory impairment (MMI) among the elderly. METHODS Data are from the baseline and follow-up examinations of 2,335 community residents who we...