Syntactical robustness is a desired design properry of natural language parsers. Within the past decade, several developmental robustness approaches have been %rwarded: Syntax-free semantic passing [1] co,~lstraint relaxation after parse failure in a pat tern matching [2] or ATN framework [:3,4], parse tree fittiug [5] and several non-formalized case frame approaches (e.g. the parser series in ...

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The advancement of wireless communication and mobile telecommunication has made mobile commerce possible. In the retail business under the evolving market, the users would like to utilize the appropriate services based on their preference and situation. The service providers need to grasp the current requirements of the major@ of the users in the local service area in order to provide the effec...

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