the concept of mathematical proof has been controversial for the past few decades. different philosophers have offered different theories about the nature of mathematical proof, among which theories presented by lakatos and hersh have had significant similarities and differences with each other. it seems that a comparison and critical review of these two theories will lead to a better understan...

This paper unifies and extends the recent axiomatic literature on minimax regret. It compares several models of minimax regret, shows how to characterize the according choice correspondences in a unified setting, extends one of them to choice from convex (through randomization) sets, and connects them by defining a behavioral notion of perceived ambiguity. Substantively, a main idea is to behav...

Dualism is one way to put the traditional dualism of practical reason, i.e., that practical reason can never declare that there is greater overall reason to conform to moral, or prudential, requirements in a case of conflict between our own self-interest and our obligations to others.1 In this paper, I distinguish two methods by which one might accept Dualism. First, I discuss a substantive dua...

Key terminologies: 1) Commonsensical dualism (disjunctive dualism), 2) Methodological reflection (prāxis over theōria, 3) Self-cultivation (transformation from disjunctive dualism to correlative dualism, perfection of personality, imageexperience, synchronicity), 4) Body-scheme (four information circuits), 5) Implications (being-in-nature vs. being-outside-of-nature, micro-macrocosmic correlati...

Recently, assertion based verification or property checking has become of great interest to the industry. Property checkers attempt either to prove that a specified property, which stipulates expected design behavior, holds or, if the property does not hold, to generate a counter-example that demonstrates a violation of the property. This is another area where there have been some promising suc...

This article aimstoreviewthe standardobjectionstodualismandtoargue that either they will fail to convince someone committed to dualism or are flawed on independent grounds. I begin by presenting the taxonomyofmetaphysical positions on concrete particulars as they relate to the dispute between materialists and dualists, and in particular substance dualism is defined. In the first section, severa...

Methodological dualism in linguistics occurs when its theories are subjected to standards that are inappropriate for them qua scientifi c theories. Despite much opposition, methodological dualism abounds in contemporary thinking. In this paper, I treat linguistics as a scientifi c activity and explore some instances of dualism. By extracting some ubiquitous aspects of scientifi c methodology fr...

Dualism the division of an object of study into separate, paired elements is widespread in economic and social theorising: key examples are the divisions between agency and structure, the individual and society, mind and body, values and facts, and knowledge and practice. In recent years, dualism has been criticised as exaggerating conceptual divisions and promoting an oversimplified, reductive...

In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many philosophers as true, including many non-dualists. This ‘striking’ generates prima facie justification: in the absence of defeaters, we ought to believe that things are as they seem to be, i.e. we ought to be dualists. In this paper, I examine several proposed undercutting defeaters for our dualist intuitions. I argue that each proposal ...