background: recently, we have shown that peroxisomal protein expression was induced upon retinoic acid treatment in mouse embryonic stem cells during the process of neurogenesis. thus, characterization of the respective promoter could elucidate the molecular aspects of transcriptional regulation of this gene. methods: using the conventional software programs for promoter prediction, a putative ...

the melanocortin-1 receptor mc1r is encoded by the extension locus, playing a fundamental role in the determination of coat color in a number of mammalian species. however, so far there has been no report regarding the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the mc1r promoter region and the potential association of its snps with coat color in sheep (ovis aries). throughout the present study, ...

background: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (pparγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. these two isoforms are encoded by different mrnas, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. there are two promoter regions upstream of pparγ gene. a 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as pparγ1 promoter re...

objective: development of high producing mammalian cell lines is a major bottleneck in manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins. this study examines the effect of using the matrix attachment region from the human interferon beta gene in combination with promoter activation strategy with e1a 13s protein on human tissue plasminogen activator (t-pa) expression in chinese hamster ovary (ch...

The p21 belongs to the CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitors involved in cell cycle arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle progression. DNA methylation is the best studied epigenetic mark that have been evidently associated to chromatin condensation, and repression of gene transcription. The CpG island hypermethylation in promoter region of certain genes occurs in cancer cells and affects tumor...

Background: There are different etiological factors in spontaneous recurrent abortion which are one of the complications in pregnancy. Primary embryo development in uterine tube and oviduct are affected by different factors such as embryotrophic elements. ETF3 as a embryotrophic factor that contains a complex of complement 3 protein and its derivatives specially iC3b, causes embryo trophoblast ...

the p21 belongs to the cip/kip family of cdk inhibitors involved in cell cycle arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle progression. dna methylation is the best studied epigenetic mark that have been evidently associated to chromatin condensation, and repression of gene transcription. the cpg island hypermethylation in promoter region of certain genes occurs in cancer cells and affects tumor...

Background The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is a pathogenic element for a number of disorders. Previous studies have reported that the -1031 T/C and -238 G/A polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene are important factors in reproductive-related disorders. One of the most common gynecological diseases of women during the reproductive years is endo...

Background and Objective: The DBC2 (deleted in breast cancer 2) or RhoBTB2 (Located on 8p21) is a tumor suppressor gene associated with tumorigenesis. Mutational studies of DBC2 at its promoter region in breast cancer revealed an important role for epigenetic changes contributing to its low expression. Epigenetic changes through hypermethylation of the promoter can cause the inactivation of DBC...