OBJECTİVE: In this study, we aimed to examine of antileishmanial effect curcumin-mediated sonodynamic (SDT), photodynamic (PDT), and sonophotodynamic (SPDT) therapies with a potential mechanism against the Leishmania tropica (L.tropica) promastigotes. SPDT is new treatment modality for Leishmaniasis that combines therapies. Curcumin natural antiinflammatory agent has been used treating medical ...

Background: The first drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis is pentavalent antimony compounds which have great side effects. Objectives: This study aimed to assess apoptosis induction by HESA-A, an herbal marine compound in Leishmania major promastigotes. Methods: promastigotes were treated with HESA-A different increasing concentrations ranged 1.625 - 120 µg/mL, and amphotericin B phenomenon...

Serial passage of axenically-cultured Leishmania chagasi promastigotes results in a progressive diminution in resistance to complement mediated lysis (CML), whereas high CML resistance is seen in infectious metacyclic promastigotes from the sandfly vector as well as metacyclic-like promastigotes within low passage cultures at stationary growth phase. As previously reported [94], in a screen see...

Previous works demonstrated that various species of Leishmania promastigotes exhibit differential sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis (CML) during development. Upon exposure to normal human serum (NHS), cultures of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes recently isolated from infected hamsters (fewer than 5 in vitro passages) are CML-sensitive when in the logarithmic growth phase but become CML-...

The in vivo virulence patterns of promastigote populations defined on the basis of agglutination by the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) were studied for various cloned lines of Leishmania major. Promastigotes derived from logarithmic-phase cultures, which were routinely 100% agglutinated at 100 micrograms of PNA per ml, were relatively avirulent for BALB/c mice. The relative virulence of station...

Leishmania chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially fatal disease of humans. Within the sand fly vector, L. chagasi replicates as promastigotes which undergo complex changes in morphology as they progress from early stage procyclic promastigotes, to intermediate stage leptomonad and nectomonad promastigotes, and ultimately to terminal stage metacyclic promastigotes that are highly i...

abstract        background and objective: leishmania major is a flagellate protozoan parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. although pentavalent antimony compounds are the first-line drugs for leishmaniasis, their application is often accompanied by numerous limitations and side effects. therefore, it is necessary to seek drugs of herbal origin that have fast-acting benefits and few side eff...

The current study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro the antileishmanial activity of three plants growing wild in Algeria : Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis and Salvia officinalis. The hydroalcoholic extracts of these plants were tested on the growth of the promastigotes of Leishmania major. The plant extract effects were compared with three controls : CRL1 composed of 1 ml RPMI inoculated with...

Background: The adverse effects and increased resistance of drugs necessities the discovery novel combination therapy. Objectives: This study aimed to examine Artemisinin plus glucantime or shark cartilage extract on Iranian strain Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in vitro vivo. Methods: In experiments, their different concentrations (3.12 - 400 µg/mL) promastigotes, amastigotes, un-infected ma...

Recent studies have shown that histone proteins can act as antimicrobial peptides in host defense against extracellular bacteria, fungi, and Leishmania promastigotes. In this study, we used human recombinant histone proteins to further study their leishmaniacidal effects and the underlying mechanisms. We found that the histones H2A and H2B (but not H1(0)) could directly and efficiently kill pro...