introduction: macroprolactin is a significant cause of misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigation, and inappropriate treatment in patients with hyperprolactinemia. its frequency has not been clearly established due to technical difficulties in identifying it. most laboratories and clinicians are unaware of macroprolactin interferences in prolactin assays. materials and methods: a comprehensive lit...

Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that is critical in lactation. Prolactin can also be produced by lymphocytes, and both B and T cells express prolactin receptors. These findings have suggested that prolactin has immunomodulatory functions. Studies in spontaneously autoimmune hosts have demonstrated a role for prolactin in augmenting autoreactivity. We chos...

Prolactin is believed to mediate seasonal cues entraining seasonal reproductive and hair follicle growth cycles. Prolactin receptor binding activity and prolactin receptor gene expression in mammalian skin have recently been described. In this report, prolactin receptor immunoreactivity is identified in sheep skin using a monoclonal antibody against the rat liver prolactin receptor. Western blo...

We assessed a simple method for purifying 125I-labeled human prolactin, taking advantage of the abundant supplies of monoclonal antibodies available. 125I-Labeled human prolactin purified by immunoaffinity chromatography is compared with that purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. We used monoclonal antibodies to prolactin to prepare the affinity chromatography columns. Prolactin was rad...

The objective of the present study was oriented to produce purified polyclonal antibody to prepare a prolactin solid phase coated tubes radioimmunoassay system. In the present study, production of polyclonal antibodies was carried out through immunization of three healthy white male mature New Zealand rabbits with a highly purified sheep prolactin antigen. The obtained anti-sera was purified us...

Hypersecretion of prolactin by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary may lead to hyperprolactinemia in physiological, pathological and idiopathic conditions. Most patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia may have radiologically undetected microprolactinomas, but some may present other causes of hyperprolactinemia described as macroprolactinemia. This condition corresponds to the predomi...

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II is a required intermediate for prolactin-induced up-regulation of cyclin D1 and proliferation in normal murine mammary epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. However, we have recently shown that prolactin can rapidly induce cyclin D1 protein expression and subsequent proliferation in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, suggesting that prolactin actions c...

2014 Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between thyroid disorders and prolactin in patients with and without lupus activity. Patients & methods: Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evaluated for lupus activity. Serum tri-iodothyronine (T3), serum thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) anti-thyroglobulin (...

Sir: Hyperprolactinemia is of particular concern with antipsychotic medication, as symptoms associated with high prolactin levels, e.g., sexual dysfunction, can have a negative impact on the patient’s adherence to treatment, and has significant implications for the short-term and long-term health of patients. In general, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) produce lower increases in prolact...